3" 



sors. The stems, generally one-flowered, are 

 about 3 feet high, directly ascending, having a 

 few narrowly oblong alternate leaves, 6 inches 

 long, tapering at both ends, not endi ng abruptly 

 in a broad base like those ot royleana. The 

 flowers come in August when those of royleana 

 are over. 



I. grandijiora (Willdenow). — The finest 

 and most ornamental species of the genus ; from 

 the Caucasus. This has been unfortunately 

 divided into two species, and some confusion 

 caused thereby. So we give a lew references 

 to original authorities, being convinced that a 

 careful investigation of these willshow that the 

 one name of grandijiora ought to include the 

 variety glandulosa, which is not a distinct spe- 

 cies. The plant was first described byTourne- 

 fort before the end of the seventeenth century; 

 then by M. Bieberstein in his " Flora Cauca- 

 sica": he found the type growing mixed with 

 its variety glandulosa, a name which has now 

 usurped the front place which belongs by prior 

 right to /. grandijiora. It was introduced into 

 cultivation in England early in the last century 

 by the botanist Don. There is an excellent 

 portrait of it in The Botanical Magazine, tab. 

 1 907 (a.d. 1 8 1 7) . It is there called I. glandu- 

 losa, but the description says that the more con- 

 spicuous glands on the tips of the serrature of 

 the leaves, so well shown in that portrait, con- 

 stitute the only character by which glandulosa 

 differs from the typical species, I. grandijiora, 

 of whichitoughtto be madea variety. Another 

 less known coloured portrait of about the same 

 date is in Edwards's " Botanical Register," 

 Vol. IV., tab. 334. In that the glands at the 

 edge of the leaves are not shown, so it has no 

 excuse for being named glandulosa instead of 

 grandijiora, but we have no authentic portrait 

 of J. grandijiora under its proper name. How- 

 ever, the descriptions of De Candolle (" Pro- 

 dromus," V., 468) and of E. Boissier (" Flora 

 Orientalis," Vol. III., p. 185) plainlyshow that 

 in the opinion of those eminent botanists these 

 two so-called species are too near to be sepa- 

 rated. In fact, both the type and the variety 

 have glands at the edge of the leaves, though 

 the portrait in The Botanical Magazine makes 

 them more conspicuous. 



I. grandijiora and var. glandulosa. — This 

 fine plant has become general in England 

 within the last twenty years. Several genera- 



tions have been raised in Edge Hall gardens 

 and elsewhere from seed which ripens abun- 

 dantly, and the seedlings have shown so much 

 variation in habit, stature, and flowers that 

 nurserymen have made three species out of 

 one. Some have a lax running root-habit ; the 

 height ranges from 2 to nearly 5 feet ; the rays 

 of the flower vary in length and are sometimes 

 nearly horizontal but generally abruptly de- 

 flexed ; the colour is a bright orange but vary- 

 ing in intensity. Those with the largest flowers 

 have been made into I. grandijiora, perhaps 

 correctly enough ; but others with less cause 

 have been named 1. Hookeri, a name which 

 belongs to no Caucasian type and will be de- 

 scribed presently. 



1. barbata. — One of two Himalayan species, 

 which, though less attractive than the Cau- 

 casian forms, deserve notice, especially since 

 they have been confused with them not only 

 by nurserymen and amateurs but also by botan- 

 ists. The first of these is /. barbata, so named 

 by Wallich twenty years ago from a specimen 

 in the herbarium of the East India Company. 

 It is now common in English gardens either 

 under the name of I. oculus Christ/', or of I. 

 grandijiora, both of them wrong, though there 

 is justification for the last. The botanist Clarke 

 when describing Himalayan plants seems to 

 have mistaken /. barbata for I. grandijiora, and 

 described it by that name, and in this he is 

 followed by Sir J. Hooker ("Flora of British 

 India," Vol. III., p. 294), the true grandijiora 

 not being found in the Himalayas at all. Sir 

 J. Hooker does not notice I. barbata by name 

 though it is clearly described by De Candolle. 

 I have failed to find any portrait of the plant. 



/. Hookeri. — This is the other Himalayan 

 Inula referred to above, and often misrepre- 

 : sented in English gardens. This species is 

 figured and described by Sir J. Hooker in The 

 Botanical Magazine, tab. 641 1. The portrait 

 shows a slighter and less ornamental flower 

 than the Caucasian substitute, with fewer and 

 more horizontal rays ; having less orange tint 

 in the yellow ; stem about 1 5 inches high with 

 lanceolate leaves and a broad rough involucre 

 looking as though enveloped in moss. I had 

 a specimen from Glasnevin Botanical Garden, 

 the only one I have seen alive. 



2. hirta. — A species from southern and 

 central Europe, of about the same stature and 



