TREES AND SHRUBS IN GARDEN AND WOODLAND. 



373 



In planting new places, expense, time, and disappointment are avoided by obtaining 

 trees and shrubs that have been well managed in the nursery. Most trees, to bear trans- 

 portation safely to a distance, entirely denuded of soil for some days, must have very 

 fibrous roots. This means that frequent transplanting in the nursery must be carried out, 

 and it necessarily increases the cost of the plant. But, as many have learnt by experience, 

 the expenditure incurred in furnishing a new garden is less when such plants are obtained 

 at first. Planters should, if possible, see the plants before they are purchased ; they should 

 have short-jointed leads and sturdy stems. A careful planter will avoid all trees with long 

 sappy leads, such as are often to be noticed in Conifers that have remained too long in 

 one place for safe removal. 



Importance of Trees and Shrubs on Their Own Roots.— In selecting hardy trees 

 and shrubs, give preference to those on their own roots. Grafting and budding are undoubtedly 

 valuable and necessary means of increase, but they have been abused. Grafted Conifers 

 are invariably shorter lived and less vigorous than those raised from seed, and grafted 

 shrubs generally require constant watching to keep down suckers from the stock. The 

 following should especially be avoided . Deodars worked on Larch, Evergreen Oaks on deciduous 

 ones, Cotoneasters and Rubuses on Thorn, Lilacs and Philyreas on Common Lilac or Privet, 

 and, indeed, all grafted plants of which the stock and scion are widely separated in habit 

 or relationship. 



EVERGREENS. — No class of foreign plants has altered the general aspect and character 

 of our gardens so much as the hardy evergreens. The only native evergreen trees of 

 Great Britain are the Scotch Pine, Yew, Box, and Holly. The number of native evergreen 

 shrubs, especially of the Heath family, is, of course, considerable, but they are usually 

 dwarf. The magnificent Conifers of North America and Japan ; the Bamboos of Northern 



WELLING TONIA AVENUE AT LINTON l J AKK, MAIDSTONE. 



