394 THE CENTURY BOOK OF GARDENING. 



been referred to. Though it attains the dimensions of a 

 timber tree in Japan, large specimens are not met 

 with in this country. The double-flowered forms have 

 been largely imported within the last few years, and in 

 some of them the beautiful pink blossoms are 2in. in 

 diameter. This Cherry in all its forms succeeds best in a 

 fairly cool, moist loam, for in drv sandy soils il soon 

 suffers. The names of Cerasus Sieboldi, lames II. 

 Veitch, and C. Watered have been applied to varieties 

 of this species. 



C. semperflorens, the All Saints' or ever-flowering Cherry, 

 forms a tree from 15ft. to 20ft. high, of graceful growth, 

 and remarkable from the fact that a continuous succession 

 of its rather small white blossoms is kept up for a long 

 time. 



C. SePFlllata, another Japanese Cherry, is very distinct in 

 growth from any of the others, the main stem usually 

 dividing at but a little height from the ground, and then 

 branching off almost horizontally in a peculiarly abrupt 

 way. The pointed leaves are serrated in so marked a 

 fashion as to give rise to its specific name. The flowers 

 are white, sometimes tinged with pink, and semi-double. 

 It blooms about three weeks later than C. pseudo-cerasus, 

 and is very beautiful. 



C. Vulgaris. This is the common wild Cherry, a native 

 ol Britain, and the species from whence many ol the 

 fruiting kinds have been obtained. There are several 

 varieties, of which the double- flowered is the finest. 

 Few trees are more beautiful than this. 



As the Cherries are so important, the names of the 

 chief kinds are given as they are still known, as also 

 the recent classification in the Few hand list of trees and 

 si 1 ru I is : 



Prunus . . . = Cerasus. 



Acida . . . . = Acida and caproniana. 



,, var. semperflorens = Semperflorens. 

 Avium . . . = Avium, domestica, dulcis, etc. 



flore-pleno . . = Domestica flore-pleno. 

 Juliana . . . = Juliana. 

 Cerasus . . . = Vulgaris. 



Rhexi flore-pleno = Caproniana multiplex, C. ran- 



unculiflora, and serotina flore-pleno. 

 Chamcecerasus . . = Chamaecerasus. 

 I'ennsylvanica . . = Pennsylvanica and borealis. 

 Pseudo-cerasus . . = Caproniina flore-roseo-pleno, 



Pseudo-cerasus, Sioboli i rubra, and C. Watereri. 

 Serrulata . . . — Serrulata, Sieboldi. 

 Mahaleb . . . = Mahaleb, Padus Mahaleb. 

 I'adus . . . . Padus. 

 Serotina . . . = Serotina. 



Virginiana . . . = Padus oblonga, Cerasus vir- 

 giniana. 



Cereis Siliqiiastrum. This, known as the Judas Tree, 

 Usually lorms a specimen 12ft. to 20lt. high. The 

 flowers, which make their appearance before the leaves, 

 are of a bright rosy purple colour, and borne in crowded 

 clusters along the branches. The peculiar leaves, almost 

 kidney shaped, furnish another feature ol interest. The 

 Judas Tree prefers a cool, fairly moist soil, and is readily 

 increased by seeds, which often ripen. They should be 

 sown, when ripe, in pans of sandy soil, covering them with 

 about one-third of an inch of the same compost and 

 placing them in a frame. C. Canadensis and C. chinensis 

 are less-known species. 



Chestnut, Spanish.— See Castanea. 



Clethra alnifolia is the Pepper Tree of the United 

 States, and forms a rather upright shrub from 4ft. to 5ft. 

 high, clothed with ovate leaves about 3m. long, and 

 bearing towards the end of Jul}' and in August dense 

 spikes of greenish white, sweet-scented blossoms. It 

 prefers a damp soil, with a fair amount of vegetable 

 matter in it. Seeds of this Clethra can be sometimes 

 obtained, when thev must be sown in peaty soil and 

 placed in a frame, or rooted suckers may often be detached 

 from established plains. There are other kinds, but all 

 bear a great general resemblance to that just described. 



Coltltea (Bladder Senna). — The Coluteas are remarkable 

 for their large, curiously-inflated seed-pods, from whence 



the popular name is derived. The shrubs grow readily 

 from seeds, either sown in the open ground or placed in a 

 frame. Their great value to the planter is that they will 

 both grow well, even in poor, dry, sandy soils. 

 C. arboreSGSnS. — This is a loose-growing bush, 1 oft. to 

 12ft. high, clothed with bright green pinnate leaves, and 

 bearing yellow, pea-shaped flowers, succeeded by the 

 curious pods already noted. These pods are tinged 

 with red. 



C. Cruenta. — Scarcely so vigorous as the preceding, from 

 which il differs in the leaves being more glaucous, the 

 flowers of a reddish orange colour, and the pods of a 

 deeper hue. The species are : C. arborescens, cruenta, 

 istria, and melanocalyx. It is not unusual for C. arbo- 

 rescens to be planted upon railway banks even near 

 London and yet succeed, hew things are less fastidious 

 as regards soil or position. 



CornilS. — This is an extensive genus ; some species are by 

 no means of high ornamental value, while others are very 

 attractive. The Dogwoods, with their bright red bark 

 during the winter, are the show iest of all. They can in 

 most cases be increased by suckers, or layers quickly root. 

 The principal species are : 



C. alba, a shrub 6ft. to 8ft. high, which is remarkably 

 bright and effective during the winter from the brilliant 

 redo! its bark. The variety sibiricais ofdwarfer growth, 

 and the bark of a lighter red. A group ol this is a 

 brilliant winter picture. C. alba Spathi is one of the best 

 variegated leaved shrubs in existence, the green portion 

 being limited to a little in the centre of each leaf, the rest 

 being rich golden yellow, whilst the variegation does not 

 get burnt by the sun in summer. This is a variegated 

 shrub worth making a group of. 



C. florida. — This is quite a tree, and flowers in April. 

 The little flowers are borne in clusters, each cluster being 

 surrounded with four large while brads that are exactly 

 like a white flower with four petals. It is a universal 

 favourite in America, but in this country is rarely seen in 

 a flourishing condition. It requires evidently- hotter suns 

 than ours. 



C. maerophylla, know n also as C. brachypoda, is quite 

 of tree-like habit, the branches being arranged in a 

 peculiarly horizontal way. The large oblong-shaped leaves 

 acquire a rich colour before they fall. There is a variety 

 ol this in which the leaves are edged with white. There 

 are other Dogwoods, such as the Japanese C. Kousa, 

 but the most important have been described, although 

 C. Amornum, Baileyi candidissima, capitata, Nutlali, 

 and stolonifera are interesting. Never forget the rich 

 w inter beauty of C. alba and its variety sibirica. In the 

 Royal Gardens, Kew, there is a small bed of the Siberian 

 form, which during the winter is as bright as any flower 

 of summer, and its rich crimson stems are even showier 

 when the little Winter Aconite is flowering at the base. 



C. Mas. — The Cornelian Cherry, as this is called, is very 

 distinct from any of the other species. It forms a large 

 shrub 12ft. high, and is very pretty in February, at which 

 time the leafless shoots are studded with tufts of yellow 

 blossoms. The berries are also ornamental, but not often 

 produced. There is a variety elegantissima, in which 

 the leaves are margined with cream, flushed with red. 



CorylUS avellana is the common Mazel Nut, known to 

 everyone, and a plant that will hold its own in almost 

 any soil or situation. Besides the ordinary form there is a 

 variety with purple and another with golden leaves, a 

 weeping one, and one in which the leaves are curiously 

 cut and slashed. 



C. Collirna (the Constantinople Hazel) is quite a tree, that 

 will reach a height of 50ft. The catkins are long, and, 

 being freely borne, impart quite an attractive feature 

 when at their best. The husks that surround the nuts 

 are of peculiar shape. 



Cotoneaster. — This is a valuable group of shrubs and 

 small trees. Like the evergreen species, the deciduous 

 ones are of more value for their showy fruit than for the 

 beauty of their blossoms ; yet at the same time the 

 clusters of white flowers are very charming in the spring. 

 All the Cotoneasters are readily increased by seeds, to 



