395 THE CENTURY BOOK OF GARDENING 



lime they are laden with bright -coloured fruits The 

 must valuable from an economic point of view is the 

 common Hawthorn, which, under the name of Quick, is 

 si i much used as a hedge plant, lor which its prickly, 

 impenetrable nature, combined with the fact that it stands 

 trimming well, eminently fits it. Some of the varieties, 

 too, are the most striking Thorns we have when in 

 bloom, particularly Paul's Double Scarlet, which supplies 

 a tint unrepresented, except among varieties of ihe Haw- 

 thorn, - throughout the entire family. Nearly all the Thorns 

 are increased by seeds, which are gathered in the autumn, 

 mixed with sand, and allowed to lie a vear before sowing 

 in beds in the open ground, and covered with about I in. 

 of soil. The varieties, however, arc increased either by 

 grafting in the spring or by budding in July. A select list 

 of Thorns is as follows : 

 C. Aronia. — This, which is a native of the South of 

 Europe, forms a somewhat upright-growing tree, clothed 

 with deeply-cut leaves and (lusters ol white flowers, 

 whii li usually expand about the end of May. The large 



coloured. There are several varieties, one of the most 

 notable being salicifolia or pyracanthifolia, with narrow 

 leaves of a peculiar spreading style of growth, and so 

 pronounced that a specimen grafted about 6ft. high will 

 push out horizontally for some distance, so as to form 

 quite a living table. 



C. Douglasi. — The blackish purple berries of this Thorn 

 are conspicuous. It is a native of North-West America, 

 and lorms a sturdy and somewhat upright-growing tree. 



C. Oxyacantha (the common Hawthorn) is too well 

 known to need description, but the varieties or depar- 

 tures from the normal type are numerous, distinct, 

 and manv of them verv beautiful. ( )l Ihe ordinary kind 

 with white flowers there is a double form, both single 

 and double pink, and single and double scarlet, the best 

 of all bring thai known as Paul's Double Scarlet. The 

 Glastonbury Thorn (C. Oxyacantha praecox) is remarkable 

 lor flowering so early that in some winters the first 

 blossoms are open soon after Christmas. C. O. variegata, 

 with prettily variegated leaves ; laciniata, whose foliage is 



WHITE BRCOM. 



yellow fruits form one of the most distinct features of this 

 kind. 



C. Carrierei. — Avery beautiful Thorn of free bold growth, 

 with ample glossy foliage, which becomes tinged with 

 orange and red in the autumn. The individual flowers 

 are large, white, slightly tinged with pink. Quite a 

 winter feature is furnished by the great oblong scarlet 

 berries w hich hang on long after the leaves have fallen. 



C. COCCinea. This is a clean upright-growing tree, w ith 

 leaves more or less heart-shaped, that change to various 

 shades of red and yellow in the autumn. The (lowers, 

 which are borne in flattened clusters, are white, with 

 pinkish anthers, and the berries that succeed them are 

 scarlet when ripe. It is a very common Thorn in North 

 America, and there are numerous varieties in cultivation, 

 but none very widely removed from the type. 



C. CrilS-g'alli. The Co kspur Thorn, as this is called, is 

 distinguished from the others by its huge conspicuous 

 spines, which render the name of Cockspur a particularly 

 appropriate one. The flowers are large and somewhat 

 late, while the berries are of a deep red. Like many other 

 North American trees, the leaves ol this die off brightly 



deeply cut ; pendula, weeping : stricta, upright ; and 

 leucocarpa, yellow berried, are all distinct kinds. 



C. pinnatifida. — 'I bis Chinese Thorn forms a tree about 

 the size of the common kind, with large, deeply divided 

 leaves, borne on such long footstalks that they partially 

 droop. The berries are large and red when ripe, while 

 the leaves turn yellow before they drop. 



C. tanacetifolia. — The Tansy leaved Thorn is remark- 

 able for its peculiar deep-cut hoary foliage, and is 

 valuable for its late flow ers, being as a rule the last of the 

 Thorns to bloom. The flowers are while, against which 

 the blackish anthers stand out conspicuously on close 

 examination. The berries are greenish yellow when ripe. 

 The Thorns are familiar in many old English parks and 

 gardens, and few shrub groups are more picturesque. In 

 spring and autumn they are ol rich beauty. 



CytiSUS (the Broom). — The various members of this group 

 are all remarkable frce flowei ing shrubs, and apart from 

 their beauty they are valuable from the fact that they 

 succeed better than most shrubs in dry sandy soils. This 

 is to a certain extent owing to their roots going deeply 

 into the ground, hence brooms may lie planted upon rough 



