44<5 THE CENTURY ROOK OF GARDENING. 



argentea, intertexta, juniperina, patula, Smithi, and 

 Youngi. As regards the pendulous kinds, glauca pen- 

 dula, gracilis pendula, gracilis gracillima, and pendula 

 vera are named, whilst of globose or dwarf kinds choose 

 compacta, nana, and Shawi. One of the most distinct 

 of all forms is erecta viridis, which is used largely in 

 gardens, and is unquestionably one of the most interesting 

 and vigorous of all Conifers. It is not so apt to become 

 unhealthy as many forms, a d the variety lutea is another 

 very useful shrub, w ith quite golden foliage — a variegated 

 variety of great value because its colouring is decided, 

 unlike that of so many variegated shrubs, which are the 

 reverse of pleasing or effective. Silver Queen is a pretty 

 silvery-lipped variety, and argentea is also of. merit, the 

 leaves quite silvery in tone ; a very distinct Conifer. 

 C. leptoelada. — This is of a strictly upright style of 

 growth, clothed with bluish grey foliage. It is seldom 

 more than 4ft. or 5 t. high, and the clear hard outline fits 

 it fir planting in the formal garden. A fairly moist spot 

 suits it best. 



C. maerocarpa. — Quite a tree, with a dense head of 

 spreading branches and bright green foliage. In the 

 South and West of England it is very beautiiul, but it is 

 not thoroughly hardy all over the country. It stands 

 culling well, hence it may be used lor hedges, screens, 

 etc., iii favoured localii ies. There is a variety, fasligiata, 

 the branches ol w hich are upright and closely pressed to 

 the trunk. Crippsi i^ a distinct form. 



C. niltkatsnsis. — This is somewhat after the manner of 

 C. Lawsoniana, from which it differs in the frond-like 

 branchlets, being of a coarser texture and of a paler 

 green. It is perlectly har ly, but re-ents being planted in 

 a dry soil. There are several well-marked varieties. 



C. (Retinospora) Obtlisa. — A timber tree of Japan, and 

 highly ornamental in this country. Its habit is variable, 

 but it usually forms more or less of a pyramid, in which 

 the beautiful flattened frond-like branches are arranged 

 one above the other. For planting in a group or as a 

 single specimen it is one of the most ornamental Coni eis 

 in gardens. There are several varieties, all beautiful ; 

 the most distinct being aurea, golden yellow foliage ; 

 compacta, a sturdy dense form ; erecta, of erect growth ; 

 gracilis aurea, exceedingly graceful, the young growths 

 clear yellow ; nana, a rounded bush ; pygmosa, a little 

 s| reading shrub not more than ift. high. 



C. (Retinospora) pisifera. — More slender and plume- 

 like than C. obtusa, and much less dense in growth 

 than that kind. In good, fairly moist soil R. | isifera 

 forms a handsome specimen, but when dry it becomes 

 thin and bare. It, however, stands cutting well, and is 

 therefore sometimes used lor screens and hedges. There 

 is a golden-leaved variety of considerable b auty, but it 

 must never be forgotten that the coloured varieties are 

 less hardy than the type. Albo-picta, darleyensis, 

 plumosa, plumosa argentea, plumosa aurea, squarrosa 

 (which see), and squarrosa sulphurea are forms, but 

 plumosa is usually considered a species in gardens where 

 special prominence is given to it. 



C. (Retinospora) plumosa. — This assumes the character 

 ol a dense cone crowded with short feathery branches 

 of a deep green colour, thus forming a handsome 

 specimen, equally effective whether 5ft. or 15ft. high. 

 There is a variety, argentea, in which the young growth 

 is creamy white ; another, aurea, golden yellow ; and 

 variegata, in which the entire plant is flecked with white, 

 as with flakes of snow. 



C. Sempervirens. — The distinctive character of this 

 Cypress throughout the Mediterranean region is well 

 known, its somewhat funereal aspect being familiar to us 

 in illustrations of Greece, Turkey, Asia Minor, etc. It 

 usually forms a dense columnar tree, but there is a form 

 with spreading branches. 



C. (Retinospora) Squarrosa. — This is a variety of 

 C. pisifera, but is given prominence because it is a familiar 

 garden shrub. It has a profusion of branches heavilv 

 clothed with foliage. The pointed leaves stand out quite 

 clear of the shoots, and are not closely pressed thereto, 

 as in most of its allies. The colour of the foliage is a 



beautiful silvery green, and as a specimen from 6ft. to 

 ult. high it is charming. 

 C. thyoides. — This, the White Cedar of the United States, 

 is o;ten met with under the name of Chamaecyparis 

 sphreroidea. It is of a dense pyramidal habit of growth, 

 whose slender branchlets are clothed with tiny glaucous 

 green leaves. This needs a moist soil, indeed, it will 

 thrive in a more swampy spot than most Conifers. There 

 are several varieties, those recorded in the Kew hand list 

 being atrovirens, glauca, I lovei, Kewensis, variegata, and 

 viridis. 



Fir, Silver.— See Abies. 



Fir, Silver common. — See Abies peclinata. 

 JltniperilS ( /imipers). — This is an important and beautiful 



family of coniferous shrubs, which one would much like to 

 see more planted in gardens to form bold spreading 

 groups. The Savin is rarely well placed, but it is a shrub 

 one can hardly see Loo much of, spreading over banks and 

 forming low leafy groups in the woodland. 



J. ChinensiS. - A broad bush-like specimen, with 

 long pointed leaves over the greater part of the 

 shrub, but towards the tips they are small and scale- 

 like. It is thoroughly hardy, and from 5ft. to 8ft. high 

 forms a very attractive specimen. Aurea is a golden 

 foliaged variety, and there are other distinct forms. 



J. Communis. — This is the native Juniper, extending in a 

 wild state from Great Britain to Norway, Siberia, and 

 Kamtschatka. In this country it usually forms a small 

 tree Irom 6lt. to 12ft. high, clothed with spiny leaves, 

 while in the Arctic regions it is a low creeping bush. The 

 most notable variety is hibernica, w hose branches are short, 

 erect, and close set, so that it is of quite a columnar habit. 

 It appreciates a moist soil, and its greyish colour is very 

 c arming. 



J. eXCelsa. — This usually forms a symmetrical pyramid, 

 with peculiar glaucous leaves, which give to the entire 

 plant a greyish green hue. It is decidedly ornamental 

 when from 1 2 it. to 15k. high, but as a large specimen it 

 is much less attractive. 



J. rig'ida. — A very distinct and ornamental species of 

 Juniper from Japan. It forms a low tree with somewhat 

 upright branches ; but the minor shoots are pendulous, and 

 clothed with long sharp-pointed leaves. When first 

 developed they are of a yellowish green, but deepen with 

 age. 



J. Sabina. — The common Savin of gardens, and in some 

 forms at least one of the most beautiful of the Junipers. 

 It is a low spreading bush, clothed with particularly rich 

 green foliage, and for the fronts of shruberries or for rock- 

 work it is a most desirable low-growing shrub. A variety 

 named tamariscifolia is very distinct and pleasing. The 

 Savin and its varieties (but the species is as welcome as 

 any of its forms) make quite dense carpets of undergrowth, 

 and will clothe in beauty places suitable only for the Furze 

 or a similar shrub which revels in a hungry soil. Those 

 who have not used the Savin should do so, and they will 

 not regret adding a shrub so beautiful in colour and 

 picturesque in growth to the garden. Of J. Sabina, 

 besides the very distinct tamarisci olia, there are the Knap 

 Hill and other forms. 



J. thurifera. — This attains to quite tree-like dimensions, 

 as it will grow 40ft. or even more in height — this in its 

 native countries of Spain and Portugal. Here, however, 

 it will develop to a considerable height. It is hardy, 

 distinct in appearance, being of conical form, and 

 when planted upon the lawn gives decided variety to 

 the usual shrubs and trees of English gardens. 



J. Virginiana {/he Red Cedar). — One of the largest in 

 growth of the Junipers, reaching in its native habitats a 

 height of 50ft. to 60ft. It is well known in this country, 

 usually forming a medium-sized tree of pyramidal outline, 

 with foliage acquiring a bronzy red colour. There are 

 numerous varieties, the most marked being aureo- 

 variegata, in which many of the minor shoots are yellow. 



LariX europsea {Larch). — Though different species of 

 Larch occur throughout the various temperate regions of 

 the globe, our common European species is, with one 

 exception, ecjual to any of them. It is too well known to 



