58 



AKKALS OF HORTICULTURE. 



Smith, Washington ; Lndwig Schiller, Germany, substitute for 

 Dr. Wittmack, upon the latter's departure. 



Permanent headquarters were established in the Horticul- 

 tural Building for these three juries. The labor of judging the 

 multitude of exhibits began in June, or earlier in special cases, 

 and continued throughout the Exposition, although the formal 

 organization of the juries was delayed until midsummer. Each 

 jury made for itself whatever regulations it found necessary to 

 facilitate its business, although the jury on Pomology was prob- 

 ably the only one of the three which formulated any definite 

 rules. This jury modified the rules on awards of the American 

 Pomological Society to meet its needs, as follows : 



"Pule 1 — In estimating the values of collections of fruits, 

 judges are instructed to base such estimates strictly upon the 

 varieties in such collections which shall have been correctly 

 named by the exhibitor prior to action thereon by the Com- 

 mittee on Nomenclature. 



"Pule 2 — In estimating such values, judges are instructed 

 to consider: 1st, the value of the varieties for the purpose to 

 which they may be adapted ; 2nd, the color, size and evenness 

 of specimens ; 3rd, their freedom from the marks of insects 

 and other blemishes ; 4th, the apparent carefulness in handling 

 and the taste displayed in the arrangement of the exhibit. 



"Rule 3 — No comparison shall be made between any two 

 exhibits, but each must contend against a standard of supreme 

 excellence. 



"Pule 4 — Judges are instructed to apply the principles 

 enunciated in above rules to entries of single varieties." 



Aside from this general code, adopted by the jury, some, of 

 the judges adopted a fixed scale of points for their individual 

 use. The jurors considered the following schedule of points in 

 judging collections of pomaceous fruits : Adaptability, size, 

 form, color, evenness, blemishes, handling, maturity, arrange- 

 ment, quantity. The following attributes were considered in 

 judging varieties of stone fruits : Size, form, color, tissue, pit 

 or seeds, juice, sweet or dessert, acid or cooking, maturity, 

 flavor. 



The awards are to consist of bronze medals which are to 

 be "works of art," to be accompanied by parchment diplomas, 

 on which shall be formulated the " specific points of excellence 

 presented by the exhibit receiving the award." These medals 

 and diplomas are given by authority of Congress, and are pre- 

 pared by the Secretary of the Treasury. 



Aside from this material result of the examination of 

 exhibits, each of the juries is to "present a comprehensive 

 report . . . embodying the principal educational and inter- 



