THE COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 



65 



Fair Association. (Los Angeles county)— Mr. Allingham. (Sutter 

 county) — J. P. Onstott, two awards; Yuba City; and Sacramento. 



For collections of grapes— State of California; City of San Diego; 

 State Horticultural Society; John Rock, Niles; Natoma Vineyard, Sac- 

 ramento county, three awards. 



Texas.— A. *M. Brunin, Laredo; T. V. Munson, Denison. 



Wisconsin.— William Fox, Baraboo; State Horticultural Society of 

 Wisconsin. 



Miscellaneous.— State of Minnesota, State of Michigan, State 

 Horticultural Society of Illinois, State of Nebraska, State of Colorado, 

 State of Idaho, State'Horticultural Society of Kansas, State of Missouri, 

 State Horticultural Society of Iowa, State of New Jersey ; A. G. DunJop, 

 Huntington, Oregon. 



Canada.— Niagara district, Burlington district, Wentworth district, 

 Province of Ontario, Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa, Missisquoi 

 Horticultural Association at Frelighsburg. 



Greece.— N. A. Burlumi, Com. of Olympia, Pantagiotis & Bacatzou- 

 los, C. Marcopoulos & Son. 



Miscellaneous Foreign.— Farm of Bourmbat, Smyrna; Ottoman 

 Empire, Smyrna; Wilhelm Grune, Berlin, Germany; Meschini Eugenis, 

 Gallarath, Italy; A. Thompson, Rei, Chile; J. D. Arguimban, Spain. 



The above lists are not official and they may contain errors, but 

 they comprise the preliminary announcements up to the close of the 

 year. 



Fruits in Liquids. — A striking feature of the pomologi- 

 cal exhibition was the great amount of fruit in glass, in preserv- 

 ing fluids, and the great excellence of very many of the displays. 

 From an educational or pomological point of view this pre- 

 served fruit has little merit, for it does not allow of sampling, 

 and its character is more or less artificial. Many of the States 

 used preserving fluids for the purpose of keeping over the 

 fruits of 1892, and the product was replaced by fresh fruit in 

 season. 



In some instances, however, notably in the case of Cali- 

 fornia in its State building, this bottled fruit was a conspicuous 

 part of the exhibit till the last ; and the Calif ornian fruit was 

 almost uniformly remarkably well preserved. New York, alone, 

 showed edible or canned fruits along with its green fruits, on 

 the floor of the Exposition hall. 



Various preparations were used for preserving the fruits. 

 Some of the winter apples were kept until midsummer in pure 

 water, care being taken to replace the water at intervals and to 

 remove all imperfect fruits. Sulphurous acid water was com- 

 monly used; also salicylic acid, and probably corrosive subli- 

 mate. Preparations recommended by the Exposition in advance 

 of its opening, are as follows : 



" Coal Oil or Kerosene. — This fluid has been found more 

 satisfactory than any other yet tried for preserving strawber- 

 ries for exhibition. It is lighter than water, so that the ber- 

 ries sink in the fluid, and their natural form and appearance 

 may thus be well preserved. It has also been found useful for 

 preserving blackcap raspberries. Fruit preserved in this fluid 

 should be free from drops of water (dew or rain) on the outside. 



