THE EUROPEAN SEAS. 



123 



ing captured, principally, after violent gales and 

 storms, when the swollen rivers or torrents carry 

 much mud into the sea. 



" The following species occur in great profusion, 

 more or less, throughout the year, but still most 

 plentifully in the spring and summer ; viz. Garoupa 

 (Serranus cabrilld) ; Cherme (Polyprion cernium) ; 

 Pargo (Pagrus vulgaris) ; Boza (Box vulgaris) ; Bo- 

 cairao (Smaris Royeri) ; Ranhosa, or Tronbeta 

 (IAcliia glaucos) ; Chicarro, or Madeiran horse- 

 mackarel (Caranx Guvieri) ; Bodiao (Scarus muta- 

 bilis) ; and Abrotea (Phycis Mediterraneus). The 

 well-known John Dory, or Peixe Gallo (Zeus Faber), 

 and the delicate red mullet or Salmoneta (M alias 

 surmuletus), are also taken at all seasons, but more 

 sparingly. The grey mullet, or Tainha, is captured 

 very plentifully throughout the year, but most 

 abundantly, perhaps, in June."* 



How far the Lusitanian region may be said to 

 extend westward into the ocean, is not yet deter- 

 mined. If my speculations regarding the ancient 

 condition of this area be correct, the whole sea as 

 far as the Azores, and those islands themselves, dis- 

 tant though they be, full 500 miles, from the coasts 

 of Portugal, should fall within its bounds. That 

 the terrestrial flora of the Azores is most intimately 

 related by almost every species to that of the Pe- 

 ninsula, and to the islands on the north-western 

 part of the African continent, mainly to the former, 

 * " Zoological Transactions/' vol. ii. p. 199. 



