BRYOPHYTES. 



45 



female plant in the mosses Macromitrium Blumei and 

 M. Braunii. 



Spruce observed in Jungermannia juniperina that 

 each of the leaves borne at the top of the stem pro- 

 duced a shoot on its surface ; there were no roots 

 formed at the base of the shoots. 



Forest Heald found buds originating from the leaves 

 of the moss Mnium without the intervention of a 

 protonema (fig. 7). 



Massolongo observed buds (with basal rhizoids) aris- 

 ing on leaves of the liverwort Lophocolea Hookeri in the 

 position of the two teeth, and evidently replacing them. 

 There was also a smaller bud situated on the leaf- 



Fig. 8. — Lophocolea Hookeri. Adventitious buds arising from the 

 margins of the leaf. (After Massolongo.) 



margin (fig. 8). He points out that gemmse are only 

 known to occur in L. minor at all frequently, being- 

 rare in other species. This case of Massolongo's differs 

 from those above-mentioned in that the adventitious 

 buds are marginal and not superficial. 



Kreh caused shoots to arise on detached " perianth "- 

 leaves of the liverworts Scapania nemorosa and Cepha- 

 lozia bicuspidata. 



The gemmze, so frequently occurring in mosses and 

 liverworts, represent special forms of vegetative re- 

 productive organs. They are miniature shoots and 

 may be compared to the bulblets of the higher plants. 

 They are also occasionally formed adventitiously. 

 W. P. Schimper describes the formation of agglome- 



