FUNGI. 



23 



stipe ; of these one developed ahead of the others, 

 which remained rudimentary. 



By successive excision of the caps he obtained three 

 to four generations of individuals, with rhizoid-forma- 

 tion at each point of sprouting. The number of 

 generations was limited only by the duration, prior to 

 exhaustion, of the sclerotia (PI. II, fig. 10). 



Again, young individuals were detached before the 

 stipes had begun to elongate, when, from the cut ends 

 of the stipes thus detached, sprouted new individuals, 

 giving the curious appearance of two caps at either 

 end of a common stipe. 



Another form of adventitious branching is seen 

 where the main, and as a rule, immensely larger and 

 stronger stipe bears at different heights from one to 

 many (twenty-five have been observed by Voglino in 

 Mycsena galopoda) lateral stipes, each topped by a 

 rudimentary cap. Voglino, who observed this pheno- 

 menon also in Collybia mncida, amongst others, as- 

 cribes it to fusion of several individuals, of which the 

 strongest is represented by the main stipe. De Seynes, 

 on the other hand, who observed a main stipe of 

 A/jaricus nanus bearing numerous tiny secondary ones 

 near the base, believed it to be a true case of branch- 

 ing (PI. II, fig. 9). Jacobasch found the same thing 

 in Marasmius Botula, and ascribes it to branching due 

 to rainy weather supervening after a dry period. 



Brefeld also found that in the case of the greatly- 

 elongated stipes of Goprinus numerous tiny lateral 

 fruits were formed at intervals along the stipe after 

 the latter had ceased to elongate. In some cultures 

 the stipes ceased to form fruits and formed sclerotia 

 instead. 



In all the above-cited cases we have to do with 

 adventitious outgrowths from the stipe. 



But they also occur in the pileus. 



Brefeld found that when the cut ends of the excised 

 stipes were plastered over, adventitious individuals 

 arose from the inner edge of the cap. On the cap 



