18 



PRINCIPLES OF PLANT-TERATOLOGY . 



with here as in the higher plants * An excellent 

 example thereof has been observed in ArmiUaria rnellea 

 (PI. I, fig. 3) Even cases of this sort have been 

 ascribed to fusion by some authors. 



We thus see that the phenomena of dichotomy and 

 fasciation, as they are observed in the higher plants, 

 have their exact counterparts in the Fungi. 



2. PROLIFERATION. 



This phenomenon may be exemplified by such a case 

 as that described by Poumeguere in Agaricus mundidus, 

 where a secondary sessile, normally-orientated cap 

 occurred on the top of the primary one ; the tissues of 

 both were continuous and homogeneous. De Seynes 

 saw, in Lentinus holumbrinus, springing from the top 

 of a rudimentary cap, five smaller stalked fruits 

 (PI. IT, fig. 5). Voglino describes a case of "superior 

 proliferation" in Clitocybe cyathiformis and in Armil- 

 laria mellea. ; on the pileus arose three small stipes, 

 one centimetre high, ending in minute fertile caps. 

 He, as also Fermond in similar cases, thought he 

 detected in section of the stipe individualised strands 

 of hyphse traversing the tissues of the stipe and passing 

 into the secondary stipes above ; they thus considered 

 that these were merely cases of the enclosure by a 

 stronger specimen of a number of weaker ones. This 

 seems a far-fetched explanation. 



What may probably be regarded as a proliferation 

 are those cases where one or more stalked inverted 

 secondary caps occur on the upper surface of the 

 primary one. Fries figures an excellent instance in 

 Agaricus denigratus, with a perfectly-formed stiped 

 inverted fruit, the tissues of which are so absolutely 

 continuous with those of the normal one as to practi- 

 cally preclude the idea that it was carried up when 

 young; the object clearly suggests a proliferation. 



Then there is the Bussida vitellina, figured by W. 



* For description of "fasciation" see under " Stem." 



