102 



PRINCIPLES OF PLANT-TERATOLOGY. 



/I 



There must now be mentioned one of the most 

 remarkable abnormalities which have ever come under 

 the writer's notice. Messrs. Little & Ballantyne of 

 Carlisle forwarded to Kew three bulbils of Liiium 

 tigrinum var. Fortunei, each of which was proliferating 

 directly into a flower, whose parts, with the exception 

 of the ovary, which was scarcely developed, were 

 fairly normal ; no other organs intervened between 

 the scale-leaves of the bulbil and the sepals of the 

 flower. This seems to be a very rare case, and is the 



only instance mentioned in this 

 work of median proliferation re- 

 sulting directly in flower-forma- 

 tion. 



In the pines the short -shoots 

 or spurs normally bear, according 

 to the species, two, three, or five 

 " needles " seated very close be- 

 neath the apex of the shoot, and 

 practically terminal; below these 

 are a few scale-leaves. In the 

 Scotch fir and stone-pine, owing 

 Fig. 28.— Leucojum vemum. to the suppression, by injury or 

 Formationof asecondbuib otherwise, of the axis of the main 



above the normal one. , , 



(After irmisch.) branch, some oi the short-shoots 



proliferate, separating the two 

 " needles " widely apart in the transverse direction and 

 producing above them an axis bearing scale-leaves 

 which may produce short-shoots in their axils (PI. VII, 

 fig. 2). Normally the apex of the shoot between the 

 two needles is either quite suppressed or else in the 

 form of an insignificant papilla. This phenomenon 

 is merely another example of correlation of growth. 

 But it is also frequently caused by fungus-attack, and, 

 as F. E. Lloyd and R. B. Thomson have recently shown 

 in P. rodiata and P. Tsecfa, by copious water-supply. 



In the stone-pine (Finns Pinea) a proliferated short- 

 shoot bore large numbers of spirally-arranged "needles" 

 instead of the normal two opposite ones, these "needles " 



