THE LEAP. 



163 



shoot and not a flower ; this he deduces chiefly from 

 their collateral position in the axils, their late develop- 

 ment as compared with that of the flowers, and the 

 fact that they do not appear in the place of the flowers 

 when these happen to be absent. These facts are not, 

 however, of weight in overthrowing the view above 

 propounded. Lack of space alone prevents their refu- 

 tation in this place. 



9. Stamtnody op Scale-Leaves. — As above stated, 

 bulbil-scales of Lilium tigrinnm var. were observed 

 reverting to stamens ; the swollen bulbil-like bases of 

 the latter clearly showed the homology between the 

 two kinds of foliar organs, and that bulbil-scales have 

 been derived from stamens in the past. 



Renner describes " hermaphrodite flowers " in Jum- 

 per us communis. The scale-leaves on the axis below 

 the seminiferous scales became changed into stamens ; 

 occasionally, between the uppermost of these trans- 

 formed scales and the seminiferous scales is a whorl of 

 small sterile scales. This abnormality may be regarded 

 as a reversion to the condition in which bisexual axes 

 always obtained. 



10. Sporophyllody op Scale-Leaves. — Christ cites 

 the curious case of scale-leaves of the epiphytic fern 

 StenocJildP-na becoming sporangiferous ; this probably 

 represents a partial reversion to the condition in which 

 all the leaves were both vegetative and assimilating. 



11. Division of Simple Leaves. — Leaves, normally 

 simple or undivided, frequently become in various 

 degrees incised or divided. 



a. Lateral Fission or Laciniation. — Leaves of the 

 horse-radish (Cochlear ia Armor acta) may become 

 deeply pinnatifid (PI. XVI, fig. 1). De Canclolle 

 describes leaves on a branch of a sumach {Rhus Gotinus) 

 whose lobes were so narrow and fine that they re- 

 sembled the foliage of Umbelliferas. Laciniate leaves 

 are produced in several forest-trees which normally 

 have entire or only slightly-lobed foliage ; these occur 

 either throughout the tree or only on certain branches. 



