186 



PRINCIPLES 



OF PLANT-TERATOLOGY. 



seeing what totally different types of foliar organ the 

 needle and stamen of the pine are ; and, as Penzig 

 points out, the stamen has always been regarded as 

 analogous to the scale-leaf of the main shoot. 



Not less striking are the pollen-sac-bearing foliage- 

 leaves on some of the short-shoots of the maidenhair- 

 tree (Ginglco biloha) observed and described by Fujii. 

 These are borne on the margins of the leaves, they 

 vary in number, and always involve more or less 

 reduction of the leaf-surface which bears them, which 

 in many cases may be almost entirely replaced by 

 pollen-sacs ; they are not arranged in any definite 

 manner to form sori (PI. XIII, fig. 4) ; 44 sometimes 

 when an entire leaf is transformed into a stamen, the 

 reduced lamina of the leaf assumes the form and 

 position of the terminal scale " of the normal stamen. 

 44 The petioles of leaves bearing pollen-sacs are often 

 much reduced in length and thickness." These ab- 

 normalities show that 44 the knob-like terminal scale " 

 of the normal anther " is the reduced portion of the 

 lamina of the stamina! leaf." 



7. Oarpellody oe Foliage-leaves. — Fujii also observed 

 a precisely similar phenomenon on the female plant of 

 Ginglco, and what has been said with regard to position 

 of the pollen-sacs, and the relative development of 

 fertile and sterile tissue, will also apply here. 44 The 

 ovule is partially enclosed at the base in a cup-shaped 

 swelling just as in the normal ones, and this swelling 

 gradually passes into the lamina of the leaf." 44 Often 

 elongated outgrowth of the tissue is formed, instead of 

 ovules or pollen-sacs of any definite form, mostly in the 

 margin of the leaf for some length along the course of 

 the veins of the leaf " (PI. XIII, fig. 5). The following 

 are some of Fujii's conclusions drawn from a study of 

 these interesting abnormalities: — 44 The ovule is an 

 organ of foliar nature, and the cup-shaped swelling at 

 its base is the reduced portion of the lamina of the car- 

 pellary leaf. The ovules of Ginglco are marginal forma- 

 tions of sporophylls." 44 The normal seed-stalk is the 



