192 



PRINCIPLES OF 



PLANT-TERATOLOGY. 



14. Fusion of Foliage-leaves. — The writer has seen 

 this in Lonicera thibetica, Rhinanthus minor, Buddieia 

 Hemslej/ana, and Marruhimn mil gave. Interesting cases 

 are cited by Klein in Weigelia, by Celakovsky in Buscus, 

 and by Braun, Jannicke, Steinheil, and Clos in other 

 plants. 



15. Fusion of Scale-leaves. — An apical piece of a 

 shoot of Pinus Thunbergii, showing unusual features, 

 was received at Kew from Sir E. G. Loder of Horsham. 



" Eight or nine of the scale-leaves in the lower 

 half of the length of shoot bore ordinary two-needled 

 spur-shoots in their axils. The majority of the 



-ss 



Fig. 52. — Pinus Thunbergii. a. Recurved fleshy leaf in axil of scale- 

 leaf (lateral view), b. Anterior view of same. c. Pair of trans- 

 versely-placed fleshy leaves at base of spur-shoot (anterior view). 

 d. Two pairs of fleshy leaves at base of rudimentary female cone. 

 Is, long- shoot ; sc, scale-leaf ; /, fleshy leaf ; 11. fleshy leaves fused ; 

 IV, fleshy leaf of second pair ; ss, spur-shoot ; $ , female cone. Semi- 

 diagrammatic, x about 2. 



remaining scale-ieaves subtended quite a different 

 kind of axillary shoot, . . . 



" The most frequent form which the abnormal 

 axillary structure assumes is that of a swollen fleshy 

 foliar organ arching outwards over or against the sub- 

 tending scale-leaf. Such structures are aggregated in 

 great numbers towards the apex of the shoot below 

 the group of buds (PL XIV, fig. 2). Frequently these 

 bright-green swollen leaves bear a distinct outgrowth 

 on their aclaxial surface, sometimes a pair of such out- 

 growths ; and these clearly represent one or two 

 further leaves situated higher up on the axillary shoot, 

 which have become fused with the lowermost recurved 

 one (fig. 52 a). 



