28 PEINCIPLES OF PLANT-TERATOLOGY. 



the ovuliferous scale is the highly-modified equivalent 

 of a Gymnospermous flower. 



The production of leafy shoots in the axils of the 

 involucral bracts of the Composite is not nearly so 

 common as that of secondary heads in that position ; 

 but it occurs sometimes in Bellis. Clos mentions the 

 formation of leafy shoots in place of the florets, or 

 some of them, in the wormwood 

 (Artemisia campestris) . 



Of shoots axillary to sepals 

 there was observed an enlarged 

 and more or less virescent flower 

 of a carnation which had seven 

 sepals from the axil of each of 

 which arose a shoot bearing a 

 dense aggregation of bract-like 

 foliar organs. 



A very frequent abnormality 

 in the pear is that of the forma- 

 tion of a longer or shorter shoot, 

 bearing a second pear at the end, 

 in the axil of a small leaf borne 

 on the surface of the ordinary 

 "fruit" (fig. 67). Now, this 

 small leaf is probably a sepal 

 Fig. 67.— Pyms communis whose base, unlike that of the 



(Pear). Shoot, bearing .-, -. , r> ,i 



a terminal pear, arising Other Sepals at the top Ot the 



in "axil" of a sepal "fruit," has not become adnate 



on the primary pear. . , , , -i -, i 



(Semi-diagrammatic.) to the ovary along the whole 

 length of the latter ; such a shoot 

 must be adventitious in the axil between the sepal and 

 the ovary. On the view (not here supported) which 

 regards the pear-fruit as an axis, the position is more 

 natural, namely, that of an ordinary axillary shoot. 



In the very striking phenomenon described and 

 figured by Knight, viz., that of the production of 

 potato-tubers in the axils of the sepals of Solarium, 

 the flower showed a central fruit with one or more 

 potatoes around it. 



