66 



PRINCIPLES OF PLANT-TERATOLOGY. 



ovary of the female flower, and, in this case, situated 

 above the circular swelling which always normally 

 occurs below the ovary (PL XXXVII, figs. 1 and 2). 

 Celakovsky states, probably correctly, that this swell- 

 ing represents the former position of bracteoles, and 

 corresponds to the articulation in the male flower. If 

 so, then the small leaves above mentioned, in both 

 male and female flowers, must represent the reappear- 

 ance of sepals, which in Euphorbia normally are quite 

 suppressed, but which in other genera are present as 

 a normal character. 



Normal examples of multiplication of the sepals are 

 seen in the pappus of the Composite, and in the man- 

 grove Bruguiera which has so many as twelve, although 

 its near ally Eliizophora is possessed of the typical five. 



It is very rare for an extra whorl of the calyx to 

 occur which has arisen by dedoublement and not by 

 metamorphosis of stamens or petals ; such a case seems 

 to be afforded by a toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) de- 

 scribed by Eoeper ; the sepals of this extra calyx, being 

 opposite the petals, had probably arisen from dedouble- 

 ment of the rudiment of the petals. 



(2) Co HOLLA. 



In a flower of Gypripedium Lawrenceamim there were 

 two lips (labella) alternating with the posterior sepal. 

 This may perhaps be regarded as an attempt to restore 

 the original alternation of parts which existed before 

 the two lateral sepals became fused together behind the 

 lip ; here the converse has occurred : the petal has 

 divided to form two. Plate XXXVI shows it in G. 

 Pitch erianum. 



In the annual larkspurs (Delphinium Ajacis and 

 D. consolida) the single posterior spurred petal may be 

 supplanted by two petals, which is clearly a reversion 

 to the original condition, for this large single petal is 

 the product of the fusion of two. 



When, to form the inner transverse whorl of the 



