124 



PRINCIPLES OF PLANT-TERATOLOGY. 



Uredineous fungus JEcidium pmictatam, was in the 

 form of two green leaflets, one of which was palmately 

 divided. 



Flowers of Saxifraga Cotyledon were seen which were 

 represented by a rosette of five green leaves (PI. XL, 



%. i). 



Harshberger observed, in an abnormally-branched 

 inflorescence of Venus' fly-trap. (Dionoea muscipula) the 

 development of long-stalked rosettes of foliage-leaves. 



Seringe describes a flower of the wall-mustard 

 (Diplotaxis tenuifolia) in which each of the sixteen 

 floral organs was in the form of a green leaf. 

 PI. XLI, fig. 4, shows two flowers changed into leafy 

 shoots. The Cruciferas are much liable to this change 

 in their flowers. There may here be cited the case 

 described by Wigand of the flote-grass (Glyceria 

 fluitans) whose flower had its paleae, lodicules, and 

 stamens represented by ligulate leaves. This is merely 

 an early stage of the condition in which the flower is 

 constantly and normally replaced by a completely- 

 formed leafy bud, giving rise to vivipary. Penzig 

 observed flowers of the Indian cress (Tropdeolum ma jus) 

 in which every member of all whorls (including ovules) 

 was transformed into a stalked, peltate foliage-leaf. 



The above- described phenomenon may be termed 

 " phy Romania." 



Buauteody. — There are other cases in which all 

 organs of the flower are changed into structures 

 which must be regarded, from their size and shape, as 

 bracts rather than foliage-leaves ; owing to the elonga- 

 tion of the axis, their number is at the same time 

 greatly increased. Such are the wheat-ear carnation, 

 the Cornish and cross-leaved heaths (Erica vagans and 

 E. Tetralix), the Madonna lily (Lilium candidum), and 

 the snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis) (fig. 114). 



In Juncus lamprocarpm an inflorescence was seen 

 transformed into a kind of very compact rosette of 

 large bracts (PI. XLI, figs. 2 and 3). 



This phenomenon is termed " bracteomania." 



