METAMORPHOSIS. 



139 



altered in shape when the flowers are attacked by the 

 fungus Cystopus Candidas. 



In a rose all the petals save one have been trans- 

 formed into ternate foliage-leaves, and the stamens 

 were changed in a similar way ; the calyx was normal. 

 The flower had proliferated to form a second flower 

 whose calyx merged imperceptibly into the virescent 

 superior carpels of the primary flower (fig. 118). 



Squamody. — In some flowers belonging to virescent 

 heads of Trifolium repens the petals had become re- 

 duced to membranous scales, a feature in correlation 

 with the leafy development of the carpel. 



Sepalody. — This is not common. A very good in- 

 stance appears to be that of the St. Valery apple, 

 in which true petals and stamens are wanting, and 

 the whorl of leaves succeeding and alternating with 

 the calyx resembles it in the texture, colour, and size 

 of its members, these acquiring the same fleshy basal 

 portions, which fuse together and adhere to the extra 

 whorl of carpels. That this is the true interpretation 

 of the St. Valery apple seems indicated from what w r as 

 observed in a seedless Colorado apple which was wide 

 open at the top, in this feature, as well as in the 

 phenomenon about to be mentioned, being unlike any 

 other apple ever seen. Alternating with the five sepals 

 were five apparently partial tiny apples, each topped 

 with a sepal. These must be regarded as the five petals 

 transformed into sepals, each with its fleshy swollen 

 base. Fig. 119 is from a photograph received from 

 Mr. Watson, Curator of Kew Gardens. Special atten- 

 tion may be drawn to the important bearing of this 

 interesting phenomenon on the true interpretation of 

 the normal pome-fruit. It shows clearly that the 

 outer fleshy part really consists of succulent foliar 

 bases. The fruit under consideration differs from the 

 St. Valery apple (1) in the succulent petal-bases 

 remaining free and unfused; (2) in the fact that the 

 stamens do not become changed into carpels ; and (3) in 

 the fruit being seedless, and open at the top. 



