METAMORPHOSIS. 



161 



tence, colour, and hairiness of the carpels, and bore 

 ovules below the stigmatic margin ; he also saw ovuli- 

 ferous corollas in Bhinanthus and Stachys sylvatica. 



Lutz describes flowers of Crocus sativtis and grsecus 

 in which stamens, perianth-leaves, and even the bracts 

 bore stigmas. 



(3) Andrcecium. 



Phyllody. — The stamen, as Masters points out, is so 

 much farther removed in modification from the original 

 leafy ancestor that its backward change into the latter 

 must inevitably be a correspondingly profound one, and 

 less frequently occurring than the same change in sepals 

 and petals. Wolff, Goethe, and Linnaeus held that the 

 stamen was of the essential nature of a foliage-leaf, 

 highly-modified structure though it be, and bearing no 

 resemblance whatever thereto. 



As will presently be shown, its exact homology with 

 a foliage-leaf can only be demonstrated by means of 

 teratological phenomena. Developmental data are in- 

 sufficient for this purpose, and moreover wholly mis- 

 leading. 



Celakovsky distinguishes two main types of phyllody 

 in the stamen. Firstly there is the " acrothecal," in 

 which the loculi of each theca remain united at the 

 base and become at an early period leafy in this region, 

 forming a 4-winged bilaminar leaf, while the pollen- 

 bearing portion of the anther occupies the apex of the 

 stamen. Secondly, there is the " basithecal " type, in 

 which the loculi of each theca become separated at an 

 early period, and, especially the marginal ones in the 

 early stages, extend, in an unaltered and pollen-bearing 

 condition, to the base of the anther-blade; on the other 

 hand the anther-blade, in its upper portion, becomes 

 broad and leafy (PI. XLIII, figs. 5 and 6). 



In one plant or another all stages have been seen 

 between the normal 4-locular anther and an ordinary 

 flat green leaf. 



VOL. II. 11 



