METAMORPHOSIS. 



171 



Older Vieivs on Anther- Structure. 



The abnormal metamorphoses of the anther show 

 unequivocally that the view held by Cassini and 

 Roper, as also by Neumann and Engler, that the 

 loculi represent merely cavities in the leaf-parenchyma, 

 a view founded on the ontogeny, is a mistaken one. 

 The same may be said of Sachs' view that the loculi 

 represent appendages of the real leaf which consists 

 of filament and connective only; the loculi therefore 

 being regarded as emei^gences from the leaf. 



Velenovsky offers no explanation of the laminar 

 outgrowths from the surface of the leafy anther, 

 apparently not seeing that these need accounting for. 

 He disagrees with Celakovsky's view. 



Von Mohl has long ago refuted the view enunciated 

 by Agardh and Endlicher that the stamen is a branch 

 bearing two opposite leaves. 



Further Examples of Phyllody. 



In the dissociated anclroecium observed by Wydler 

 in Diefytra, described on an earlier page, all six 

 stamens were changed into green leaves, the two of 

 the outer whorl into entire, the four of the inner whorl 

 each into half-leaves corresponding with the monothecal 

 character of their anthers. 



The stamen of Coniferas has occasionally been 

 known to proliferate into a leaf, as in the Araucaria 

 mentioned by Eichler. 



There can be no doubt that the leafy stamen is a 

 reversion in the more distant sense ; and the various 

 types of abnormal foliage-leaves cited above show us 

 plainly how its formation has come about. 



Sepalody. — This is well seen in double flowers 

 of certain Ranunculaceas which are either normally 

 devoid of petals or possess them in the form of 

 staminodes or nectaries and in which the calyx is peta- 

 loid. In love-in-a-mist (Nigella), columbine (Aqui- 



