METAMORPHOSIS. 



197 



in the funicular lamina (PI. XL VIII, fig. 7). Ovules of 

 a similar type were observed in the radish (Baphanus 

 sativus). 



In this type of ovule, then, we must add an extra 

 pair of lowermost segments to the above-mentioned 

 trilobed leaflet to represent the funicle; a diagrammatic 

 representation of such a leaflet is shown in PL XLVIII, 

 fig. 8. PL XLVIII, fig. 9, shows the mode in which 

 the middle pair of segments enwrap the inner integu- 

 ment (formed by infolding and fusion of the uppermost 

 pair around the terminal nucellus), and these segments 

 must be, as the diagram shows, folded on themselves 

 towards their inner surface, so as to ensure that their 

 outer surfaces contact the outer surfaces of both inner 

 integument and funicular lamina. 



In Trifolium repens it was also the funicle which 

 chiefly proliferated, assuming the form of a bilobed 

 structure at the base of whose sinus sometimes occurred 

 the small sheath of the outer integument (from the 

 upper surface of which the funicular lamina is an 

 outgrowth), enclosing the weakly-developed inner 

 integument either in the form of a cup -shaped organ 

 or as a simple leaflet bearing the nucellus on its upper 

 surface (PL XLVIII, figs." 10-12). This is a very 

 important stage, and will be referred to again. 



The abnormal ovules of the dame's violet (Hesperis 

 matvonalu) differed from those of both the last two 

 plants, inasmuch as the leafy structure bearing the 

 inner integument consisted solely of the outer integu- 

 ment, as is shown by its sheathing base and by the fact 

 that the margins of the lamina passed gradually over 

 into this sheath (PL XLVIII, fig. 13). Hence Cela- 

 kovsky terms it the "basal lamina" (" Grundspreite"). 

 It must really represent both funicle and outer integu- 

 ment merged into one.* 



In this plant the ovule frequently appears as a simple 

 leaflet bearing the nucellus on its upper surface ; this 



* Just as most Monocotyledonous foliage-leaves represent leaf-base and 

 lamina merged into one. 



