Insects. 



8177 



posterior extremity is somewhat attenuated, the head shining black 



When fully grown the larva is about 14 mm. long (see fig. 2) ; it 

 has 20 legs, colour greenish or bluish green, the first and last seg- 

 ments, together with the abdominal claspers, inclining to orange ; 

 head shining, deep black ; the under lip and maxillary palpi obscure 

 gray and black-ringed. The head is provided with some extremely 

 minute hairs. The first segment is orange-yellow, with a very small 

 black spot on each side ; the second is yellowish gray, the third to the 

 eleventh greenish gray, the twelfth and thirteenth yellow. There is 

 an irregular black spot on each side above the scarcely visible white 

 spiracles ; below the spiracles one larger and two smaller vertical 

 black shining spots ; below these, again, at the origin of the legs, a 

 single black shining spot. On the first segment below the spiracle 

 are some irregular black lines or spots; on the third and fourth, just 

 above the legs, are a square spot and some little lines. On the last 

 segment, above the anus, is a triangular black spot, branching out on 

 either side into a sharp point, as represented, magnified, at fig. 4. 

 The thoracic legs are shining gray, with a brown point on the last 

 joint, and brown claws. The middle and hinder legs are deep yellow. 

 On the under side, between each pair of these legs, is a triangular 

 black spot, and before it, in the direction of the head, a small line. 

 There is a large gland behind the first spot on the fifth, sixth, seventh, 

 eighth and ninth segments, represented at fig. 3, a and b ; on the 

 fourth and tenth is a very small gland. These glands seem to be 

 covered with little wart-like protuberances, in the same manner as the 

 first toes of the fore feet of the male frog in the pairing season ; they 

 are drawn back into themselves like the finger of a glove or the horns 

 of a snail. I have not been able to perceive any opening at the end, 

 not even when I had expanded the gland to its utmost by com- 

 pression. As in this operation the skin falls into transverse wrinkles, 

 one may readily, at first sight, imagine that a transverse opening 

 exists. 



After the second moult the larvae consume the leaf, beginning at 

 the edge and usually leaving nothing but the larger veins. At the 

 slightest touch, either from others or from their companions, they 

 raise the abdomen, and bend it over sometimes as far as the head, 

 thereby causing the opening of the abdominal ducts. These probably 

 emit a fluid which is hurtful or obnoxious to the enemies of the larva, 

 particularly the parasitic ichneumons. When the time for pupizing 

 has arrived, usually four weeks after the larva has quitted the egg, it 

 VOL. XX. 2 z 



