By the Rev. William Williamson. 29.3 



winters are more severe, the summers are hotter than with 

 us, both moss and canker are, comparatively speaking, un- 

 known on their Apple Trees. I am the more attached to 

 this opinion, as it is found that this disease is not confined to 

 Apple Trees alone, but that in Kent (to which County my 

 observations have been chiefly directed), it is extending its 

 ravages to the Pear, the Plum, and the Cherry. 



I believe it is a received opinion, that, in general, im- 

 proved varieties are less able to bear the cold than the 

 original from whence they are derived, I find this observa- 

 tion is true with regard to the different varieties of bulbous 

 roots ; and indeed many of the iproved perennial flowers 

 are much more impatient of cold than the more common 

 sorts. Now all the trees raised from the kernels of the 

 fruit will, most probably, be improved varieties of our native 

 Crab, and therefore of a more tender constitution, and less 

 able to endure the cold which has of late years generally pre- 

 vailed during the summer months: hence then, the reason 

 why so many of our seedling trees become diseased at so 

 early an age. 



It has also of late years been a very common practice with 

 the growers of young Apple Trees to graft upon stocks raised 

 from the seeds of Apples, instead of true Crab stocks. Stocks 

 of this description, being often tender, have a most pernicious 

 effect upon the future tree ; for though the stock should be 

 wholly covered by the soil, yet it must still suffer in the root, 

 and thus produce the same effect in causing the decay of the 

 branches. 



It appears, then, that we have been accessory in pro- 



