ANTIQUITIES OF ATHENS. 



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coarse ; the figures partake of the Etruscan style. The word K.AAOD 

 or KAAE occurs frequently on ancient vases ; in many instances a pro- 

 per name is connected with it, and we may enumerate at least ten in 

 which this is the case. Various opinions have been offered re- 

 specting the meaning of the word. Mazzochi first pointed out the 

 true sense of it, and his conjecture has been confirmed by Lanzi, 

 Visconti, and Bcettiger. (See Millin, Die. de B. A.) On the finger 

 of a statue of Jupiter made by Phidias, were the words nANTAPKHS 

 KAAOS ; one of Mr. Hope's vases bears the name Clitarchus, to 

 whom this epithet is also given ; and as it is of the most ancient 

 style of art, we may suppose with Millin, that Phidias only imitated 

 a custom already very prevalent and well known. 



In the vase before us, the word may refer to some one who had 

 been initiated in the Dionysiac mysteries. The allusion to the rites 

 of Bacchus is not only found on vases, lamps, and ornaments deposited 

 in tombs, but the sides of the sepulchral Latomia are often seen 

 sculptured with symbols and figures relating to that deity. One of 

 these monuments may be observed at Misitra near the site of Sparta ; 

 Bacchus is also figured on the Mensce sepulchrales. These devices 

 and symbols are explained by considering that Bacchus and Sol were 

 in the ancient mythology one and the same god. This was the 

 opinion of the Eleans, (see Etym. M. in v. Awvtrog) and of the 

 Athenians* ; and in one of the Orphic hymns we read 



"HXiog ov Aiovvtrov STriKXrjtrtv kaXsoiiTi. 



Reference is therefore made in such sepulchral monuments to 

 Dionysius, or Sol inferus. 



The flowing hair, the thyrsus, the spotted garment, (crriKTrj ^Xa^u?,) 

 the Ionic capital on the altar, (Vitruv. 1. i.) all refer to a Dionysiac 

 procession. The figure near the altar bears a sistrum, which has 



* See one of the arguments of the oration against Midias. 

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