486 



ON THE TOPOGRAPHY OF ATHENS. 



have only farther to observe, that this idea of its position coincides with 

 all that we know of the early history of Athens, and the local circum- 

 stances which seem to have decided the choice of the first settlers. To 

 illustrate this remark, I shall quote at length the words of Thucydides 

 on this subject : — " Before this period (that is, before Theseus had pre- 

 vailed upon all the scattered population of the borough towns of Attica 

 to remove to Athens), that which is now the citadel, and particularly 

 that part which lies to the south of it, constituted what was called the 

 city. This is proved, as well by the temples of the deities that are 

 within the citadel as by those which are erected without it on this 

 side of the city ; such as the temple of the Olympian Jupiter, and the 

 Pythium ; the temple of Terra, and that of Bacchus in Limnis, in 

 honour of whom the more ancient Bacchanalian festivals are celebrated 

 on the twelfth day of the month Anthesterion ; which custom is still 

 retained by the Ionians of Attic descent. Other ancient temples are 

 built in the same quarter. The public fountain too, which, since it 

 has been fitted up * in the manner we now see by the tyrants, has 

 been called Enneacrunos, but which formerly, when the springs were 

 open, bore the name of Callirroe, being situated near, was preferred 

 for use upon most occasions. And even now, in compliance with 

 ancient custom, they think it necessary to make use of this water pre- 

 vious to the connubial rites, and upon other religious occasions. And 

 further, it is owing to this their ancient residence in the Acropolis, 

 that it is called the city by the Athenians to this very day." 



Now, the temple of the Olympian Jupiter, which is here noticed 

 by Thucydides, must have been that which Pausanias says was built 

 by Deucalion, and which appears from his narrative to have stood 

 somewhere near, if not absolutely within the peribolus of Hadrian's 

 Olympium. An image, too, of the Pythian Apollo is noticed by 

 Pausanias in the same quarter, although the temple itself seems to 

 have no longer existed ; and the Temple of Terra (rN?) I suspect to be 



* *Out« x.aTot<j-xzva.<Ta.vTwv, conjectura Dukeri ex Hesychio prolata et tribus Codd. Pariss. 

 confirmata. 



