LONG WALLS OF ATHENS. 



523 



it is plainly intimated that there were two walls only in contact with 

 that of the city, one of which is called the Phaleric, the other simply 

 the Long Wall. In the next sentence, however, we unexpectedly 

 find two long walls expressly noticed in the direction of the Piraeus, 

 and exceeding the length of the Phaleric by one eighth ; " tc& <5e 

 66 puxgoc riiyyi TTfios tov Tteigouat, r£(T(ra^ocKovTcx. trrkMrn ;" and that no doubt 

 might exist of two walls being here understood, {jziyj\ being often 

 applied to the single wall of a town,) he has added " Sv to e^coBsv s-n?- 



cc ~ " 



•• gElTO. 



The sense of the entire passage therefore is inconsistent and con- 

 tradictory, for the parts taken separately authorize very different 

 conclusions. Nevertheless there are two distinct points of information 

 which I think may be fairly deduced from it ; and they are of no 

 small importance in settling the object of this enquiry, namely, that 

 whatever might be the number of these long walls at the period 

 alluded to, two only joined those of the city, and two only were in 

 the direction of the Piraeus. 



But the authority upon which the notion of a third wall principally 

 rests, is taken from the following passage in the Gorgias of Plato. 



" Ue^itcXeovg ocvrog vjKovoV) ore crvvelSovXevev ^/u.Tv tts^i tov $i<xp,eo~ii r'ayovq" 



Plutarch, alluding to this passage, in his life of Pericles, informs us 

 that the wall here spoken of was one of the long walls, for he says, 



" to <5e y.axfyov Tilypq^ 7TS£* ou Lcox.^a.Tvjg ocKovtrai (P'/jo-lv avrov elcryj'yovfjLtvov 

 i yvco^v IJe^DcXsovc, ^yoXocfSyicre Ka?vAij££>aT^." Now if we take Siafteca 



strictly in the sense of an adjective, and understand by this expression 

 a middle wall, the notion of a third seems to be necessarily con- 

 nected with it ; but if we take it in the sense which is intended in 

 the following passage of St. Chrysostom, where it is synonymous 



with \v Tto petroi, " Kul rot hotKocrlwv g-a2luv eivat TVjv ivzoiyAT^ov tuv ABqvuv, 



" tov nstoaisug o-uvTtBspBvov, kou tuv $icc pso-ou rer^aV," we are at liberty to 

 give it a more enlarged interpretation, the meaning here being evi- 

 dently that of the walls between the city and the Piraeus. 



Whatever part might have been taken by Cimon in this great 



3x2 



