Fig. 239. CEEAMIUM ECHIONOTUM. 



Colour. Dark red or purple when young and fresh, variegated with white when old 

 or dry. 



Substance. Rigid and harsh for so delicate a plant. 



Character of Frond. Dense tufts of distinctly jointed threads {^filaments). Filaments 

 slender, of nearly the same thickness throughout; repeatedly and regularly 

 forked, forming roundish outlines; frequently set with forked branchlets. Tips 

 more or less hooked in. 



Joints. In variegated bands. Colourless and transparent in the middle, reddish or 

 purplish at, and near, the partition-lines {clisse])iments). These armed all 

 round with a number of slender, hair-like bristles, sticking out in all directions. 



Measurement. From 1 to 3 inches long. 



Fructification. Of two kinds. 1. Minute s])ores in double capsules, sessile on the 

 sides of the branchlets, surrounded by several curved branchletee?»s. 2. Tetra- 

 spores set round the joints. 



HaVitat. South coasts. On rocks, &c. between tide-marks. Not common. 



Fig. 240. CERAMIUM ACANTHONOTUM. 



Colour. Dark purple or red, variegated with white. 

 Substance. Rigid and harsh for so delicate a plant. 



Character of Frond. Dense tufts of jointed threads [filaments). Filaments slender; 

 of nearly the same thickness throughout; repeatedly and regularly forked, 

 forming roundish outlines. Tips (and often the two or three last forkings) 

 strongly hooked in. 



Joints. In variegated bands. Colourless and transparent in the middle, purple and 

 opaque at, and near, the partition-lines (dissepiments); the coloured bands 

 widest upwards. Each of these armed on the outer side with a sohtary, 

 strong, coloured thorn (when dry, white), curved upwards. 



Measurement. From 2 to 6 inches long. 



Fructification. Of two kinds. 1. Minute spores in roundish capsules with a solitary 



curved branchlete6'?i underneath. 2. Tetraspores set round the joints. 

 Habitat. Our coasts generally. On rocks, &c. between tide-marks. Common. 



Fig. 241. CEKAMIUM CILIATUM. 



Colour. Pale purple or red; clearly variegated with white. 

 Substance. Rigid and harsh for so delicate a plant. 



Character of Frond. Dense tufts of jointed threads (filaments). Filaments slender; 

 of nearly the same thickness throughout; repeatedly and regularly forked; 

 with or without side branchlets. Tips (sometimes the two or three last fork- 

 ings) strongly hooked in. 



Joints. In variegated bands. Colourless and transparent in the middle, purplish-red 

 at, and near, the partition-lines (dissepiments). These armed all round with 

 a line of strong colourless thorns. 



Measurement. From 2 to 6 inches long. 



Fructification. Of two kinds. 1. Minute spores in roundish capsules with two or 

 three branchletm^5 underneath. 2. Tetraspores set in the coloured bands of 

 the joints with a thorn between each. 



UaUtat. Our coasts generally. On rocks, &c. at low-water mark. Not uncommon. 



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