Fig. 88. ECTOCARPUS LANDSBURGII. 



Colour. Dark-brown. 



Substance. Rigid; tough; re-moistening without injury. 



Character of Frond. Densely matted tufts of jointed threads {filaments). Filaments 

 much branched; zigzag. Branches irregularly forked; everywhere bristling 

 with quantities of short, straight, horizontal, thorn-like branchlets. 



Measurement. Tufts from 1 to 3 inches long. 



Fructification. Unknown. Probably similar to that of F. distortus. 



Salitat. Scotland and Ireland. Lamlash, Dr. Landsbrough. Roundstone Bay, Dr. 

 Harvey, Dredged in deep water in land-locked bays. Rare. 



This and the preceding species resemble each other much in general appear- 

 ance and colour. But F. Landshurgii is more profusely and more distinctly 

 thorny, the tips of its branchlets being pointed; its filaments are more densely 

 opaque, and its substance is much firmer. It is only obtained by dredging; 

 and the tufts are never so large as those of E. distortus. 



Fig. 89. ECTOCAPtPUS SPH^ROPHORUS. 



Colour. Dull olive-green or rusty-brown. 

 Substance. Soft; moderately firm. 



Character of Frond. Full bushy tufts of jointed threads {filaments). Filaments 

 much branched; slender; straight. Main stems somewhat matted; branches 

 free, repeatedly divided. Upper ones either opposite or in fours {([uaternate). 



Measurement. From 1 to 3 inches long. 



Fructification. External seeds {spores) borne on the branchlets; either opposite to 

 each other on opposite sides of the stem, or opposite to a branchlet; occa- 

 sionally in fours; unstalked {sessile); globose; prominent. 



Habitat. Various places on our coasts, from Orkney to Cornwall. (Filey). Between 

 tide-marks. Parasitical on the smaller algee; chiefly on Ftilota sericea. Rare. 



Fig. 90. ECTOCARPUS BRACHIATUS. 



Colour. Pale olive-green; occasionally tawny. 

 Substance. Very soft; delicate. 



Character of Frond. Feathery tufts of jointed threads {filaments). Filaments ex- 

 cessively branched; slender; wavy. Main stems slightly entangled; branches 

 and branchlets free; all exactly opposite to each other on each side a stem; 

 or occasionally in fours {quaternate). 



Measurement. From 2 to 4 inches long. 



Fructification. Seeds {spores) imbedded in the filaments borne on the lesser branchlets; 

 or in the angles where two branchlets meet; forming oblong swellings. 



Hahitat. England and Ireland. Parasitic on Rhodi/r/ienia palmata in the sea; found 

 with Fnteromorpha compressa in ditches of brackish water. Rare. 



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