104 



DIVISION X. — N. COUNTIES. 



Meteorological Observations on the Year 1879, from Cum- 

 berland, Durham, Northumberland and Westmoreland. 



Cumberland. The driest year but one (1867) since 1864 ; but 

 cold, dark and sunless : Rainfall, below av. of 17 yrs. (Cocker- 

 mouth). Cold weather till May 17th; June to Aug., wet; but 

 total rainfall 30*49 ins., av. of 8 yrs. being 41-86 ins. (Blencowe). 

 Rainfall 10 ins. below av. of 23 yrs. (Whinfell Hall). Min. rain- 

 fall, Penrith, alt., 575 ft. ; ht., 5 ft. ; 24-26 ins., on 163 days : 

 max., The Stye, 1077 ft. ; ht., 6 ins. ; 148-55 ins. At 6 places, 

 fall, over 100 ins. Seathwaite, alt., 422 ft. ; mean of 3 estimates, 

 107*55 ins. ; mean of 20 yrs. (1850-69), being 140-51 ins. Difference, 

 32-96 ins., below av. Fruit crops worthless, from cold and wet (Car- 

 lisle). Min. temps., Dec. 7th,— " Nr. Carlisle," Dec. 6th, -& :* 

 Kirklinton, alt., 20 ft.; -5°: Alston, alt., 1145 ft. ; -4° : Carlisle, 

 alt., 114 ft.; l°-5 : Scaleby, alt., 111ft.; 3°: Stapleton, alt., 400 

 ft. ; 4° : Dalston, alt., 164 ft. ; 4-5 : Silloth, alt., 29 ft. ; 8° : Cocker- 

 mouth, alt., 144 ft. ; 9°-8 ; Jan. 20th —Carlisle, 15*3 : Scaleby, 

 16° : Cockermouth, 17°*1 : Silloth, 18°-5. 



Plants injured, 1879-80 — 58 (1), 38 (2), 43 (3), total at 7 

 places. 



Durham. Very severe cold during winter (1878-9) and spring ; 

 wet summer, fine and warm Oct., severe cold, Dec. (Whorlton). 

 Rainfall, 3-81 ins., below av. (Heighington) . Below av. of 20 yrs. 

 (Seaham). The coldest of 30 yrs. ; nearly all vegetable crops a 

 failure (Seaham). Rainfall, 5th yr. above av., the excess being 

 nearly all in summer (Sunderland). Min. rainfall, Hartlepool 

 (Hart Res.), alt., 164 ft. ; ht., 9 ins. ; 21*71 ins., on 101 days : max., 

 Heugh Lighthouse, alt., 34 ft. ; ht., 6 ins. ; 31*39 ins., on 261 days. 

 Min. temps., Chester-le-Street, Dec. 4th -6° : Darlington, alt., 140 

 ft. ; Dec. 1st and 4th, -5° : Gainford, alt., 225 ft. ; Dec. 3rd, -2°: 

 Durham, alt., 340 ft. ; Dec. 4th, 4°*4 : Lambton, alt., 15 ft. ; Dec. 

 4th, 5° : Whitburn, alt., 100 ft. ; Dec. 4th [?], 6° : Sunderland, alt., 

 125 ft. [?] ; Dec. 4th, 9° 



* Jl. of Eort. 1879, p. 464. 



