312 



INJURIES TO PLANTS, WINTER, 1880-81. 



Escallonia Ingrami, 2 ; E. macrantha, 2 ; E. montevidensis, 1 ; E. 

 rubra, 2. Euonymus europaeus, 3 ; E. japonicus, 2 ; E. radicans, 3. 

 Gleditschia triacanthos, 3. Griselinia littoralis, 2. Laurel, com- 

 mon, 2; Do. Caucasica, 3. Lavatera arborea, 3. Leptospermum 

 scoparium, 2. Libocedrus chilensis, 3. Ligustrum lucidum, 3 ; L. 

 vulgare, 3. Menziesia polifolia, 3. Mulberry, 3. Nectarines, 3. 

 Negundo fraxinifolia, 3. Oreodaphne, 2. Paulownia imperialis, 3. 

 Peaches, 3. Penstemons, 3. Phillyrea angustifolia, 3 ; P. media, 

 3. Phormium tenax, 2. Picea cephalonica, 3 ; P. Pindrow, 3. 

 Pinus excelsa, 3. Piptanthus nepalensis, 3. Pittosporum Tobira, 

 3. Quercus glabra, 3; Q. Ilex, 2. Quince, 3. Rhododendrons, 1, 

 2, 3. Santolina chamgecyparis, 3. Sequoia semper virens, 3. Spartium 

 junceum, 3. Stocks, 1. Vines, 2. Walnut, 3. 



Observations — Generally speaking trees and shrubs withstood this 

 winter better than the two previous ones. Fruit trees escaped with 

 little or no injury ; few shoots of Peaches even being injured. The 

 young wood was so well ripened the previous autumn that all trees 

 and shrubs were in the best possible condition to withstand the rigours 

 of winter. With vegetables, however, the case was different, as they 

 require the protection of snow to save them from such severe frost. 

 Hence, the frequent gales of frosty wind which prevailed in Jan., 

 Feb. and March proved very detrimental to vegetable crops, by drift- 

 ing the snow off them and exposing them to daily freezing and thaw- 

 ing and the keen blast of cold frosty winds. Brussels sprouts and 

 Leeks are the only crops that came through scatheless. Strawberry 

 plants suffered severely from the same cause as vegetables. Young 

 Cabbages, &c, were entirely swept off by the frosty winds. In April 

 and May, vegetables were scarcer than they have been known for 

 years. Fruit trees flowered profusely and bore heavy crops of fruit, 

 but owing to the cold and wet summer and autumn, the fruit has 

 been deficient in quality and flavour. (Dec. 12, 1881.) 



1. Haddington. — Preston, Tyninghame. — Mr. R. Brotherton. 



Gen. Char, of Soil ; Alt., &c. [See p. 141.] 



Rainfall, 1880 — [Smeaton Ho., dist., 2 ms. ; 24-65 ins.]. 



Date of Onset and Duration of Frost, 1880-81 — Oct. 4th, till 

 beg. of April. Mean. temp, for Jan. was 8° below av. 



Min. Temps, and Date*?— Jan. 16th, 3°-5; 17th, -3°-5; 26th, 6° . 

 [Haddington, dist., 7 ms., W.j alt., 140 ft.; Jan, 17th, -8°]. 



