40 Cc. W. HOWARD—THE DISTRIBUTION OF TSETSE-FLIES 
again very little game was found. One water-buck was shot near the Msalu 
river, but after this not more than four or five tracks of game were seen, and 
only once was buffalo spoor found. A few elephants, however, were present 
in this region, After crossing the Lujenda river, game, including buffalo, 
became very plentiful, but no tsetse was to be found. 
This statement must, of course, be taken with many allowances, for Major 
Hamilton, while a most careful and accurate observer, only followed a well- 
beaten native road across the country. At the same time, being such a careful 
observer and such a keen hunter, it seems probable that if game had been 
present he would have found it. It being the dry season, one would expect to 
find the game near the rivers. This, however, did not seem to be true. At the 
same time one would hardly expect to find tsetse in a region so dry as that 
between the Msalu and Lujenda rivers. All the game seems to have disappeared 
from the region east of the Lujenda river, and is apparently unable to migrate 
from the region to the west of it, as the river is very wide and deep, of a nature 
which game would not readily cross. Information which has been given me by 
Dr, Amaral Leal, of Lourenco Marques, would seem to throw some light on the 
conditions obtaining in one of these areas. Dr. Leal was stationed at Ibo some 
seven or eight years ago, and assures me that at that time the country immediately 
west of Ibo and Port Amelia was full of game. This fact would seem to indicate 
that in this area the fly has apparently survived the disappearance of game, and 
is able to exist without it. Although these observations cannot be taken as in 
any way proving that tsetse-fly is not dependent on the presence of game for its 
existence, it would seem to indicate that such might be the case. I believe that 
similar conditions have also been proved to exist in North Western Rhodesia, 
where, when game disappeared, the tsetse continued, often centering about the 
neighbouring kraals, A specimen of fly from each of the regions mentioned was 
brought back to me by Major Hamilton. Both are plainly Glossina morsitans. 
Flies have been received from Port Amelia with the statement that they were 
collected from near that place; the exact locality was not, however, given. 
Austen, in his “ Monograph of the Tsetse Flies,” has a fly-belt marked on his 
map as existing along the Rovuma river, which separates this Province from 
German Hast Africa. As to whether this still exists I am unable to say, although 
I have had a report to that effect which is probably authentic.” 
From the Mozambique district we have two records, one of a belt at Mapula 
near the south central part of the district, the second near the coast at a point 
north-west from the town of Mozambique. 
The Zambesia district has some considerable fly-belts in the north-eastern area, 
and one report has been received recording the existence of fly in the north- 
western portion, There is fly in the parts of the Nyasaland Protectorate 
adjoining this district, and it is reasonable to suppose that it will also be found 
on the Portuguese side of the border. A specimen of G. pallidipes has been 
sent to me from Lekungo. Dr, Sant’ Anna, of the Hospital service, has recently 
* [The existence of G. morsitans along the Rovuma has recently been fully confirmed by 
Mr. H. 'T. Barrett (see p. 43), and the fly-belts observed by him have therefore been added to 
Mr. Howard’s map.—Ep ] 
