222 JAS. J. SIMPSON—ENTOMOLOGICAL 
whose food consisted of insects, but in no case could I with certainty identify 
any remains of Glossina. As already noted, however, I observed in the Govern- 
ment steamer an Attid spider attack and kill numerous tsetse, and this species of 
spider seemed to show a distinct predilection for . palpalis, although several 
other species of Diptera were almost equally abundant. It is very doubtful 
if this is of actual importance, but, as a fact in the bionomics of tsetse, may be 
recorded here. 
Daily Prevalence.—This species was caught at all hours of the day, but is 
most persistent and vigorous in the forenoon. From 5.30 to 9 in the morning 
they are not very troublesome; from 9 a.m. to about 1 p.m. they attain their 
maximum of activity, while from this time onwards to about 4 p.m. they are 
much more lethargic. After this period they again renew their activities until 
dusk. 
Reproduction. As having a bearing on the season of reproduction, it may be 
noted that two G. palpalis were caught in coitu on March 18th at 3.30 p.m. 
(».) Glossina morsitans. 
Most of the facts given for G. palpalis hold good for G. morsitans, but the 
following notes will illustrate where these differ. 
Haunts.—This species is seldom or ever found in the same regions as G. palpalis, 
but in the Niumi Province, where there is no line of demarcation between the 
types of habitat, and where they even intermingle, both species are equally 
abundant, and the actual nature of the bush gives little or no clue as to which 
may be expected. Apart from this area, as soon as one leaves the river bank, 
with its mangrove fringe and its accompanying belt of thick bush, and enters the 
region of thin bush with little or no undergrowth, one may expect to find 
G, morsitans. Wherever, also, there is a laterite outcrop, with consequently 
little or no surface moisture and very stunted vegetation, one may safely 
conclude that G. morsitans will be found; but if the outcrop is very rocky and 
bears only thin bamboos, neither species is to be seen. Typical habitats have 
already been described in this Report, while fig. 7 gives a good idea of an actual 
locality. The distance which this species will exist away from water has often 
been commented upon, and in the Gambia, I have captured specimens fully two 
miles from the nearest pool of water and as far distant from the nearest village 
well. 
Abundance.—This species is seldom found in great numbers, but on two 
occasions, cited on pages 201 and 207, they occurred literally in swarms and 
seemed to emit a much more pronounced buzzing sound than similar hordes of 
G. palpalis ; in fact, on one occasion, in moonlight, their approach was distinctly 
suggestive of a small swarm of bees, the pony becoming restive even before they 
actually alighted on him. 
