238 JAS, J. SIMPSON—ENTOMOLOGICAL 
VI.—TSETSE-FLIES. 
SoME OF THE POINTS ON WHICH OBSERVATIONS ARE WANTED, 
1. Locality.—Name of colony and nearest station, river, lake, &c. It is not 
always possible in England to identify native villages. 
2. Where caught.—On road, at ford, in village, close to village, far from 
human habitation, on railway, &c. 
3. Altitude, if known, 
4, Time of day.—lf caught at night, ? moonlight. 
5, Nature of country.—River bank, grassy plain, dense forest, thorny serub, 
&e. 
6. Presence or absence of water. 
7. Dry or wet season,—State whether the grass or scrub is burned in the dry 
season. 
8. Presence of more than one species—This is easily overlooked, as some 
of the species are very similar to one another. 
9. Numbers of fly —Half-a-dozen, numerous, very numerous, swarms, &c. 
10, Ratio of the sevres—Males usually outnumber females. 
11. Do the flies bite through clothes ? 
12. Have you observed any bird or insect preying on the flies ? 
13. Do the flies go to the water to drink ? 
14, Are cattle, sheep, goats, or horses kept in the fly region ? 
15. Presence or absence of sleeping sickness. 
Observations carried on month after month at one spot are of more value than 
spasmodic research in diverse districts. 
VII.—INSTRUCTIONS FOR COLLECTING LICE, 
I.—Suching Lice (ANOPLURA). 
The true or sucking lice are placed by most systematists near the RoYNCHOTA 
(Hemiptera) and the THysanopTEeRA. ‘Their mouth organs partly consist of 
very thin, long, piercing-bristles. These are, however, very difficult to see on 
account of their extreme thinness and lack of all colour. By means of these 
organs the ANOPLURA can be distinguished from the so-called biting lice, 
MALLOPHAGA, which live on the hair or feathers of their hosts and whose 
mouth parts are adapted to biting as opposed to sucking. 
The ANOPLURA can be found on all mammals of all sizes. In most cases they 
can be combed out from the hair of their hosts with a common tooth-comb. In 
the case of mammals with very slight pelage it is better to search the skin for 
these parasites, which can be killed by dropping a few drops of chloroform on 
them, and can then be removed with a small brush or a pair of forceps. Asa 
rule, only a few individuals of any one species of mammal are infested with 
lice, but in these cases the insects generally occur in large numbers and 
especially so if the animal is young or weak. It is very advisable to 
examine a large number of individuals of any one host, especially of those from 
which no lice are as yet recorded, Lice are especially desired from all carnivora, 
such as cats, carnivorous whales, &c. Aquatic animals such as seals, are often 
