STAGES OF GLOSSINA MORSITANS, WESTW. 295 
The means of the measurements of twenty pupae are as follows, in millimetres, 
the extremes being given in brackets :—total length, 5°53 (5 to 6); width, 3:2 
(3 to 3°75) ; depth, 2°97 (2°75 to 3:25); width across tumid lips, 1°45 (1 to 1°). 
It will be seen from these data that the pupa is slightly compressed in the dorso- 
ventral diameter. 
Fig. 2.—Dorsal view of the puparium Fig. 3.—Puparium of Glossina morsitans ; 
of Glossina morsitans, West. x 10. A, anterior view, showing lines of 
dehiscence ; B, ventral view of posterior 
portion, showing anus enclosed in eye- 
shaped area. x 10 
The larval mouth is represented on the first segment of the pupa as a small 
black dot, while the anus is similarly marked on the mid-ventral line at the 
junction of the eleventh and twelfth segments, and is enclosed in a small eye- 
shaped area marked off by two small furrows, the anterior of which is formed by 
the dividing line between the two segments (fig. 3, B). 
The line along which the pupa-case splits to permit of the emergence of the 
imago, is indicated on the anterior portion of the puparium as a small ridge 
directed laterally. This ridge passes dorsally around the mouth region asa 
slight curve, and is shown in fig. 3, A. 
Duration of the Pupal Stage. 
Owing to pressure of other work, it has been impossible to determine the effect 
of temperature and humidity on the length of the pupal period. The pupae, as 
they were obtained, were placed in glass tubes and left exposed to the laboratory 
air without any protection. In these circumstances the time which has elapsed 
from the birth of the larva to the escape of the imago has varied from 47 to 53 
days. 
In conclusion, I should like to express my indebtedness to Mr. Ll. Lloyd, the 
Entomologist of this Commission, for suggestions, and for the accompanying 
drawings. 
Nawalia, N.E, Rhodesia, 
August 21, 1911, 
22036 B 
