522 JAS. J. SIMPSON—ENTOMOLOGICAL 
Family HiproposciDAr. 
Hippobosca maculata. 
Family PULICIDAE. 
Ctenocephalus canis. 
Family Ixop1pAr. 
Amblyomma variegatum. Rhipicephalus simus. 
Haemaphysalis leachi. 5 appendiculatus 
ss sanguineus. 
Zungeru is situated in the valley of the Dago River, near its confluence with 
the Kaduna. These two rivers are separated by a high ridge, on which is 
situated the European Hospital and the medical quarters, the area between this 
ridge and the Kaduna being covered with dense bush. From the ridge to the 
River Dago the whole area is cleared, and here are situated several bungalows 
and the Prison. The European military quarters are on the right bank 
of the Dago River and the Government Offices on the left bank, the latter in the 
most low-lying part of the cantonment. Over some of these offices there are 
European residential quarters, while on the ascending ground of the left bank 
stand the remaining bungalows, culminating in Government House near the top 
of the ridge. The polo ground is situated near Government House on a small 
plateau, and on the other side towards the River Dago lies the Prison farm. 
The site of the cantonment is therefore such as to make the work of the 
sanitary officer a very arduous one, when he has to undertake clearing measures, 
and, for this reason, in spite of almost continual work, tsetse (G. palpalis, 
Gr. tachinoides and G. submorsitans) are nearly always present within the 
limits of the cantonment, but more numerous during the rains. The 
proximity to the Kaduna, which swarms with tsetse in its lower reaches, 
renders the task of preventing these insects from invading the town a very 
difficult one, but in addition to this the River Dago must be taken into account, 
along with the surrounding bush, through which roads radiate in all directions. 
Again, the railway now enters Zungeru across the Kaduna from Jebba, and, 
passing along the side of the cantonment, continues onwards to Minna and the 
north. This latter fact constitutes an additional danger, and must not be over- 
looked. 
As has been said, the cantonment itself is very efficiently cleared, but the 
sanitary gang as at present constituted can do little more than look after this 
part, while what is urgently required is an extensive clearing between the medical 
lines and the Kaduna, a similar clearing on the banks of the Kaduna on both 
sides of the new railway bridge, and a continuation of the clearing on the Dago 
River: in fact, a clear belt around the whole cantonment, and this can be 
done only by systematic and continued work carried on by a large supplementary 
sanitary gang. This is perfectly well recognised by the Medical and Sanitary 
Departments, but owing to the small number of men assigned to this work no 
action can be taken. Now that Zungeru is linked up by railway with Lagos and 
Kano, the number of Europeans passing through it will be greater than ever, 
