340 JAS. J. SIMPSON—ENTOMOLOGICAL 
Giddan Idrezu the country is open, with a few large trees, numerous clusters 
of dwarf shrubs, and abundant high grass. The village of Barkumi is on 
the bank of a small stream, while the town of Igaudum stands on another, 
the Uge. The latter is crossed by means of a large fallen tree and is sur- 
rounded by a dense kurimi and here G. palpalis occurs in large numbers. 
The River Amara is spanned by a bridge about 60 feet in length, which is 
situated in thick bush, where G. palpalis was seen. The town of Abajikoro 
also stands on a small stream, the banks of which are overhung with dense bush 
as in the case of the others ; there also G. palpalis swarmed. No horses are ever 
kept in this locality, except a few in transit to Ankpa. The natives state that 
any horse brought to one of these villages would certainly die within a few 
months. 
The town of Akwacha is about 15 miles due south of Abajikoro. Shortly 
after leaving the latter town the road crosses the River Amara, while towards 
Akwacha are two other small streams, probably tributaries of the Akwacha River, 
which runs into the River Amara, and this in its turn, fiows into the Benue. All 
these streams are fringed by dense forest growth which more than probably 
harbours G. palpalis, although only at a small river half a mile from Akwacha 
were specimens actually caught. The village of Egga stands ina thick kurimi 
near this river, and at the watering place of this town, G. palpalis was seen. 
Akwacha is a large town on the bank of a river of the same name; there also 
(7, palpalis were taken in numbers, while even at the rest-house, more than half a 
mile from the town, and in an open clearing, one specimen was caught biting the 
writer at 5.30 p.m. 
The people inhabiting this region are known as Igbaras, but there are also 
numerous Hausa trading settlements. The Siriki, or headman, of Akwacha 
being extremely intelligent, an attempt was made to verify and add to the names 
of flies previously obtained at the various villages. This tribe does not seem to 
differentiate between the various types of biting flies, as do some of the others. 
Any fly which bites they term “unu,” but beyond that the only distinction they draw 
is with regard to the animal attacked, for example, “ unuanya” is the fly which 
bites the horse (anya=horse), while “uefa” denotes any fly which bites the 
“efa,” or “bush cow.” On being shown large Tabanids, small Tabanids and 
tsetse, the Igaras used any of these three terms to denote one and all of them 
indiscriminately. They, however, distinguish mosquitos under the name “imu.” 
Sleeping sickness they term ‘“ogaulu” (oga=sickness, ulu=sleep), while 
enlarged cervical glands they style “ atalahu.” No horses are kept at Akwacha 
owing to the high rate of mortality 
Immediately outside Akwacha three deep ravines have to be crossed. ‘These 
were practically dry in January, but in the wet scason they hold streams of 
considerable depth. Beyond these is the village of Uriwa, and a little further on 
a fairly large river, the Urito, has to be crossed. The nature of the country up 
to this point may be described as thin open bush, but beyond the Urito there is 
an extensive kurimi, which stretches for nearly four miles to the town of Auru. 
This is probably the densest kurimi seen during my tour in Northern Nigeria. 
Apart from the main road, which runs through it, it is practically impenetrable 
