RESEARCH IN BRITISH WEST AFRICA, 34] 
without the use of axes and matchets. On entering it one is conscious of a fall 
of several degrees in the temperature, and except in a few places the sun’s 
rays hardly penetrate, so that the shade afforded renders the use of a helmet 
almost unnecessary. It was a veritable haunt of tsetse, which simply swarmed 
around the ponies and carriers, and were extremely persistent in their attacks, 
but at the same time very wary and difficult to catch. Both G. palpalis and 
G. longipalpis occur there. One of these, a G. longipalpal’s, was observed on 
the pony’s neck after it had been feeding for some time. On being disturbed, 
it fell to the greund less than a yard away, and so gorged with blood was it 
that it could not cross its wings, nor was it able to fly. Although only about 
three feet away from the bush, which it endeavoured to reach, it managed to 
cover this distance only after aan abortive attempts to fly, which resulted only 
in a series of long jumps. After entering the bush, it settled on the under side 
of a leaf, and remained there for some ten minutes, during which time I watched 
it and then without any difficulty caught it by means = its wings. It hardly 
made any effort to escape, but sat on my hand in a comatose condition. 
At the town of Auru, G. palpalis was caught, and the same species was found 
at Oda. The road from Auru to Oda is excellent, and passes through open 
bush country. Near the town of Oda, two specimens of Chrysops silacea were 
secured. From Oda to Ankpa there are numerous long stretches of dense bush, 
but, although tsetse no doubt exist all along the road, none was actually seen 
on this journey. The latter town has lately been made the headquarters of the 
province. The European settlement is situated on the side of a steep hill leading 
down to the valley of the River Mabolo, but the site has been condemned by 
Dr. M. Cameron Blair, the Senior Sanitary Officer for Northern Nigeria. During 
the rains, the water coursing down the hillside practically floods all the hanced 
and drains several feet deans are hardly sufficient to carry it off. The military 
quarters at the foot of the hill, and the parade ground are frequently under 
water during this season. 
The rivers and streams which have been hitherto mentioned in this province 
all drain into the Benue, but the Mabolo in the Ankpa valley runs into the 
River Anambra, which is a tributary of the Niger, and enters it near Onitsha, 
in Southern Nigeria. 
The bed of the Mabolo is composed in this region of beautiful white sand, 
and the river itself is surrounded by dense kurimi. G'. palpalis is everywhere 
abundant, and specimens were seen in the Huropean military quarters, and also 
in the house in which I was stationed, about half-way up the hill. Apart 
therefore from the question of flooding during the rains, the site of the 
Kuropean quarters at Ankpa must be condemned owing to its too close 
proximity to the palpalis-bearing kurimi in the Mabolo valley. A new site 
has been selected on the high plateau, and although there is a certain amount 
of clearing already accomplished in this part, considerably more will have to 
be done in order to minimise the possibility of G. palpalis actually invading 
the European enclosure. 
Trypanosomiasis in horses is extremely prevalent at Ankpa. Seldom do 
any live for more than three or four months after their arrival. One 
medical officer who was stationed here kept a horse alive for seven months, 
