THE SALMON AND TROUT OK JAPAN. 



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gray-spotted trout, Ivvana, Arnemasu, and the Ayu. 



This species is found only in Japan. It reaches weight of about 

 eight pounds, and it is caught and salted with the Sake, to which it is 

 probably not much suparior. Our specimens are from the Ishikari 

 River and from Aomori, besides a number of small ones said to be from 

 the Daiya River at Nikko. 



3. The Gimmasu, or Silver-Salmon ; Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum. 



This is the smallest of the true salmon, rarely exceeding six pounds 

 in weight. It is common in the rivers of Northern Japan, as also in 

 Siberia, Alaska and British Columbia. On the American coast it is 

 known as Silver Salmon, and to the Russians as Kisich. Like the two 

 preceding it ascends the rivers in the fall, and it ascends small streams as 

 well as large ones. As a food fish it is regarded in America as superior 

 to the Dog Salmon (Sake), but much inferior to the Red Salmon 

 (Benimasu). 



From the salmon thus far mentioned it is known by the large size 

 of its scales, which number about 125 in a lengthwise series. It lacks 

 the large number of gill rakers found in the Benimasu. It has more 

 anal rays than the Yamabe, and it lacks the black spots on the base of 

 the dorsal characteristic, of that species. The dorsal fin in Oncorhynchus 

 kisutch is always tipped with inky black at all ages and stages, and by 

 this character the species can usually be known. As it is called Silver 

 Salmon in America, it will not be improper to use the equivalent name 

 Gimmasu in Japanese. Our specimens are from Otaru, Aomori, 

 Osatsube and Ura River. This is the species wrongly called by 

 Hilgendorf Oncorhynchus perryi. 



4. The Benimasu or Red Salmon ; Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum). 



This species, the handsomest of the salmon, may he known by the 

 large number of its gill-rakers, about 36. It runs in the spring, weighing 

 from four to eight pounds, and has a great liking for cold lakes. In such* 

 localities it often becomes land-locked, never descending to the sea, and 

 when so placed it reaches a very small size. In running from the sea. 



