4 



describing. All the parts thus far noted are independent of the 

 valvular auricle. This flap consists of three portions. Externally 

 and posteriorly it is a long, loose fold of the common integument, 

 with convex free border, densely furry externally, and completely 

 circumscribing the general orifice; above, it sinks into the general 

 integument ; below, it is continuous with the fold of integument 

 which circumscribes the orifice of the true meatus, a slight notch 

 separating them, like the notch above the lobule of the human ear. 

 This general exterior fold is the true helix. Attached to the inner 

 naked surface of the helix are two prominent folds. One comes 

 vertically down, from the point above where the helix sinks into 

 common integument, to below the middle of the helix, where it is 

 attached ; it looks like a secondary helix inside the main one ; it 

 is obviously the anti-helix. Its free border is fringed with long 

 hairs. The other one of the two prominent folds is an anti- 

 tragns, which rises vertically from the lower margin of the helix, 

 just behind the notch above mentioned, and then curves inward 

 to subside in the anti-helix; its free border is fringed, like the 

 anti-helix, with long hairs ; the structure is as prominent as in some 

 bats. The parts are very difficult of concise verbal description in 

 tonus producing a mental picture of their structure and arrange- 

 ment. But it will be seen that the animal, so far from being 

 "anotous," or even " cryptotous," has a very large, open meatus ex- 

 ternus and a highly developed, complicated auricle or pinna, in 

 which helix, anti-helix, and anti-tragus are prominent — in which, 

 in short, the principal parts of the human ear ma}' be fully 

 recognized, excepting the lobule. The point is simply that these 

 parts are hidden in life by the adpressed pinna, which is directed 

 forward to cover in the whole arrangement, and which, being 

 furry on the posterior (now become external) surface, looks like 

 the rest of the integument. If one will simply fold his own 

 ear closely forward, and imagine the lobule absent, he will have a 

 fair idea of the relations of the parts, though they are much larger 

 and better defined in this shrew than in the human species. 



