172 



KHABYAH MOUNTAINS — RAISED BKACII. 



full. Owing to my presuming that I should meet with water near, I 

 omitted the precaution of taking some with me, so I could not ascer- 

 tain exactly the height of the place. All the fossils are easily friable.* 



From the Jasper, which is scarce 1,800 feet, in elevation, the follow- 

 ing plants occurred nearly in succession — Holmskioldia, this is scarcely 

 found above 2,000 feet ; Porana in abundance, gradually diminishing 

 above ; Callicarpa arborea abundant, continuing to about 2,200 ; Tri- 

 umfetta, Urena lobata, Arundo the same as above, Melica latifolia, 

 Panicum plicatum, and one or two other species ; a Polygonum, Andro- 

 pogon, small Commeline, Leea, Erythrina are very close to the spot, 

 and the only Churra plant, except the Arundo and Wendlandia is a 

 Labiata, Geniosporum ? so is Composita arborea ; indeed the vegeta- 

 tion is almost decidedly tropical. The following plants are then seen 

 — Tetranthera, Flemingia as at Mahadeb, Vitis, Drymaria, Panicum 

 eleusinoides, Eurya, Panax foliis decompositis inermis, Pogonatherum 

 crenitum, Wallichia, which occur before one has gained an ascent of 

 2,000 feet : Osbeckia nepalensis descends to this but in small quanti- 

 ties ; then I remarked Bidens, ^Etheilema, Caricinese, Rottlera, Didy- 

 mocarpus, Begonia, Cheilanthes dealbata, Stemodia ruderalis ? Scu- 

 tellaria, Impatiens bracteata, Rungise sp. Sida, Elephantopus sp. and 

 Bambusa, Gordonii occurring there at an elevation of about 2, 100 feet. 

 Then Centotheca lappacea, Deeringia, Panicum centrum, Gouania, 

 Caryophyllus, which last occurs on all the chain of Himalayas, and 

 which 1 have seen as high as 6,000 feet in the Mishmee Mountains, lati- 

 tude 28°. Panax foliis palmatim partitis, Clerodendrum nutans, Ficus 

 feruginea and F. hispida, foliis cordatis, serrato-dentatis : then Saurauja 

 micrantha ; before 2,300 feet were reached. There Oxyspora sp. 

 paniculis cernius ramis ascendentibus, frutex, Croton of old, Ruellia 

 persicsefolia appeared, and about 2,400 feet, the 1st Quercus appeared. 

 Here, as at Mahadeb, Ruellia Neesiana became common, and Linum 

 trigynum, Uncinia, etc. Grasses commence to preponderate at about 

 2,800 feet, but not the grasses of Churra. Holcus, Airoides, etc. not 

 being found, but Panica varia, and Rottboellia which ceases above this. 



At the raised Marine Fossil Beach, a queer Cephalanthus ? Legume- 

 nosa arbuscula fol. pinnatis impari (Pongamise) Legumenibus secus 

 suturam quamque alatis, Mangifera indici, Anthistiria arundinacea are 

 found, and an arbusculous Mimosa, but unarmed. Shortly above this, 



* For original notice of the discovery of this raised beach, see Journal of the 

 Asiatic Society, September 1835, p. 523 ; and an account of the difference of level in 

 Indian coal fields, vol. vii, 1838, p. 65 of the same work ; also description of Uyrto- 

 ma a new genus of Fossil Echinida, Calcutta Journal of Nat. Hist. vol. i, p. 155. 



