174 



KIIASYAH MOUNTAINS 1 HON OKE. 



the granitic formation. The downs have now assumed a withered 

 wintry appearance. Nonkreem is a great place for iron ; this is 

 found in coarse red sandstone, or it may be fine granite, forming preci- 

 pices ; this is scraped or pushed down by iron rods, it is then washed 

 by a stream turned off on to it : the stream is dammed up, and the 

 irony particles by their weight fall to the bottom : they are very hea- 

 vy, of a dull blackish appearance. All the streams are of a whitish 

 colour, and the rocks are covered with Cselogyne Wallichiana. 



The elevation of Nonkreem is 4,578 feet, the temperature of the 

 air being 52°. The large thermometer indicated boiling water 203° : 

 centigrade 96i° : wooden 204°: small 197°. In the Nonkreem jheel, 

 Alisma, Villarsia! and Potamogeton occur. 



November bth. — The march to Suneassa continues over high downs, 

 the vegetation being precisely as before, viz. Cnicus, Carduus, Prunella 

 Pedicularis, Gaultheria, Gnaphalia, Bromoid acroideum, Tussilaginoid 

 Andropogon, Sphacelia Daucas, Hypericum, Hedychium, Polygonum 

 rheoides, Smithia but rare, Tradescantia clavigera, Parnassia collina, 

 Pteris aquilina, Euphorbia, Dipsacus, Salix, Osbeckia capitata, iEthi- 

 onnia, Eriocaulon, Knoxia cordata, and Campanula. In short, the 

 higher ridges have the vegetation of those between the Kala and 

 Boga Panee, the less elevated, that of Surureem. Along the water- 

 courses Pyrus, Betula, Corylifoliae, and Eurya. 



As one approaches Suneassa the ravines become wooded, and the 

 aspect of country more diversified. The woods consist of a Castanea, 

 2 oaks, Rhododendron arboreum and R. punctatum, Panax, Eurya, 

 Thebaudiacese varise, no less than 4 or 5, of these, one is a Gay- 

 lussacia ; Saccharum megala makes its appearance at Suneassa. 



This is a small straggling village, on the brow of the ravine of the 

 same name ; it is like Mofiong, each house being hidden by hedges 

 composed as usual of Buddlea, Colquhounii, Solanum spirale ? Ery- 

 thrina, Ficus, and Rhus. Sugarcane, but of poor quality, is here culti- 

 vated, as well as capsicum, but this is also of inferior quality ; the 

 houses are worse than usual. Near this place several Nunklow plants 

 appear, as Plectranthus cseruleus, Labiata foliis verticillatis of Suddya. 

 Its elevation is 4,362 feet, the temperature being in the air, 59°. 

 Big thermometer boiling point ditto 204° : wooden ditto 204° : small 

 298° : centigrade ditto 96°. Pines occur here and there towards 

 Suneassa, but of no size and no abundance. 



November 6th. — Left Suneassa and proceeded down the ravine which 

 is probably 1,200 to 1,500 feet deep. The scenery is very pretty, 

 the sides being much wooded ; the woods open, consisting chiefly of 



