FROM NURTUNG TO MADAN. 



181 



and a stunted arboreous Symplocos, Anthistiria arundinacea common, 

 with chesnuts (Castanea?) . 



Close to this, Gordonia, pines of some size, Anthistiria arundinacea 

 and Cassioides. The grasses continued the same, but two new An- 

 dropogons and a small Rottboellia appear ; Holcus, Airoides, etc. of 

 Churra have ceased : the other are Sacchara and various Andropo- 

 gons. On approaching a considerable descent the woods became 

 open, consisting at first entirely of pines, Betula of Joowye, etc. then 

 of pines, Quercus castaneoides which attains a large size. It was 

 here that the pines became large, one felled measured sixty- nine feet 

 to the first branch, most are straight, the greatest diameter not two 

 feet. Gordonia occurred here of large size, the woods are really 

 delightful, reminding one much of England. Here Myrica occurs 

 but rarely, Lematula, Flemingia, Elephantopus, Vanda, Quercus 

 callicarpifolius commences, Biophytum appears a short distance hence. 

 Also, Liriodendron, Dipterocarpus, Bambusa, Pinus but of smaller size, 

 Engelhaardtia, Dioscorea, Castanea, Quercus callicarpa, which is very 

 common. 



Here Bombax appears somewhat lower, with it Castanea, Kydia, 

 Gordonia. No pines now occur except on the neighbouring heights. 



The descent to the Borpanee is not great, say 400 feet; on its 

 banks Thunbergia grandiflora commences, but the Castanea castane- 

 oides of large size, Camellia oleifolia, Daphne cannabina, Rhodo- 

 dendron punctatum variety. Engenia Wallichii (which commences), 

 Quercus castaneoides, etc. may be found along its banks. 



This is a large stream, not fordable at any time, nor passable in the 

 rains ; both banks are high, rocks of course break the stream, which 

 is gentle at the points crossed. Breadth is 50 to 60 yards, the eleva- 

 tion of its bed is 2,508 feet, water boiling at 207 J° : temperature 74°. 



The ascent of the north bank is great, on surmounting it one returns 

 to grassy undulations, the vegetation of which is the same as before, 

 Rottboellia of Suniassa as well as Manisuroides here occur. The 

 village Madan is very small, the people, of course, as they have 

 scarcely ever seen a white face, very polite and obliging : it is situated 

 on a hill, but is still below the north bank of the river. Its altitude is 

 2,753 feet — temperature of the air 67°: boiling water 207°. 



