MADAN TO NUNGTUNG. 



183 



The birds, as well as those of the Nurtung river, are the water- 

 ouzel, the greyish-blue water- chat, the red and black ditto with a 

 white head-top, and the black bird, durn-durns or bird producing 

 that cry occurs, but not in great numbers. Pea-fowl at Madan. Ele- 

 phants are abundant, especially towards the descent to the Borpanee. 

 Fly wheel (?) insect is here common at Kokreen, a small village close 

 to Nonkreen. Equisetum occurs along the Boga Panee as well as a 

 new species of Podostemon, P. fronde profunde lobato, lobis liniaribus 

 simplicibus vel lobatis saxis arcti adpressis, floribus marginalibus 

 distiches. Polygala occurs at 3,000 feet and continues higher. 



November 14th. — The march to Mengtung occupies about six 

 hours, it is by no means difficult, and the only ascent of any length 

 is that before descending on Nungtung. Throughout the 1st part, 

 all the bottoms of the valleys are cultivated, thence all is jungle, 

 either of high grass or of trees. 



Near Madan, Arundinaria bambusifolia may be found, although at 

 an elevation of 2,800 feet, Volkameria is common. The same grasses 

 continue. In the rice field Butomus lanceolatus, Herpestes, Jussseia, 

 Juncus, Eriocanlon, Zizana ciliaris. 



We then came after traversing such low swampy ground for some- 

 time to a wood composed of Quercus castaneoidea, of large size ; its 

 bark is thick and somewhat corky, its diameter three feet. Quercus 

 callicarpifolius appeared soon after, with Polygala linearis, ScitamineEe 

 are common in the valley. In similar low places, Impatiens grami- 

 nifolia of Churra was seen, and Hedysarum gyrans. 



Oolooks* and parrots are both found : Cnicus floribus roseis, Ger- 

 ardia, Apluda, Senecio pubescens, were found in similar spots. 



After traversing a low valley with gentle undulations presenting 

 the usual grasses, we came to a wood presenting many tropical 

 features. Oaks and chesnuts still continuing to be the usual trees. 

 Much underwood, consisting of Acanthaceae, Laurinese, Anonacese, 

 Rubiacese, among which Pcederia triphylla and Mephitidia were 

 common. Centothca sp., Sarcopyramis, Garcinia, Triumfetta were 

 observed. 



Thence we came to pines. Then a low valley, the altitude of the 

 stream of which was 1,979 feet, the thermometer being in the air 

 82°, boiling point 208^°. Then a wood. 



In it Castanea ferruginea continued common, Quercus dalbergioides, 

 Daphne cannabina, Acanthus leucostachyus (1st appearance), Oxys- 

 * Simia Hylobates agilis. 



