VEGETATION AT 12,000 FEET. 



245 



the rarefaction of the air ; we all suffered of course from colds owing 

 to exposure at night, at an elevation of nearly 9,500 feet; the 

 servants bore it tolerably well. 



At Sanah, the altitude of which is 7,983 feet, (Pemb.) I observed 

 Quercus ilecifolia, on it Neckerae, Antymenium, Senecio scandens, 

 Rhododendron arboreum, majus, Juncus effusus, Swertia, Pendulous 

 lichens, Dipsacus, Artemisia major, Primula Stuartii, Berberis asia- 

 tica, Bambusa microphylla, Lycopodium of Surureem, Orthotrichum ! 



At 8,000 feet, Smilax ruscoideus, Senecio scandens, woods of oak 

 and Rhododendrons, the ground and the trees covered with mosses. 

 Gnaphalium, Daphne papyrif., Mespilus microphyllus ! Gaultheria 

 nummularioides, Spiraea gillenioides, and S. bella, Hypericum, Gna- 

 phalium lanceolatum, trivenum, Sambucus ! but withered, Tetranthera 

 nuda of Bulphai, Abies Brunonis which is probably a Podocarpus. 



At 8,300 feet, Tussilaginoides of Churra, Primula Stuartii common 

 on swards with Swertise, etc. as before, Funaria and Weissia Tem- 

 pletonia common, Sphseropterus ! Quercus ilecifolia, Abies pendula, 

 Rhododendron arboreum, majus ! Dalibarda, Rubus, Ilex dipyrena ! 

 Rhododendron undulatum ! 



At 8,400 feet, the road running along, and above a ravine, rocky 

 ground to the right, Eurya acuminata ! Composita penduliflora. Thi- 

 baudia rotundifolia, and in a swampy sward a small dwarfed very 

 narrow leaved bamboo, Primula Stuartii, Gnaphalium densiflorum, 

 Swertia monocotyledonea, Prunella in the woods, Salix lanata, and 

 Panax rhododendrifolia. 



Just above this, 8,500 feet, the first Abies cedroides appeared, soon 

 becoming very common, and extending up to 9,500 feet, its habit 

 is like that of a cedar, and it is a tall handsome tree, Rubia* cordi- 

 folia ! Geranium scandens, Baptisioides. 



Crossing a nullah, we commenced a steep ascent, Thibaudacae 

 rotundifolia, Abies cedroides, Lomaria of Khegumpa, Crawfurdia 

 speciosa, Andropogon, Gaultheria nummulacifol. Ilex, Epibolium 

 Vaccinum cyaneum ! Here a sward commenced with vegetation as 

 before, the summit of this ascent was 9,050 feet. Here Ilex, Daphne 

 papyracie, Rhododendron, Scleria, Lomaria of Khegumpa ! Primula 

 pulcherrima ! Spiraea bella, Gnaphalium trivenium, Rubus molucca- 

 nus, Thibaudia, Ericinea orbiculens, Spiraea decomposita, Gaultheria, 

 nummulariod., Scutellaria prunella, Gaultheria flexuosa, Scandent 

 composita, Cerastium bacciferum. The trees covered with mosses, 



