424 



KIIYBER PASS. 



a fort built half-way up a small mountain, the top of which is level 

 with the ghat. 



Vegetation to the ghat unchanged. In the ghat Capparis as before, 

 Lycioides, Chamserops, Andropog. albus, Schsenanthus, Bheir, Neri- 

 oides, Pommereullioid, Andropogonea, appear at once, ^rua, Aspara- 

 gus. 



At 300 feet up, Mimosse sp., foliis tomentosis, occurring here and 

 there. Heliotropium flavum, Plectranthus lavandulosus, Scrophu- 

 larise sp. 



At 500 feet, Dodonsea : this is very common, and being very green, 

 gives the ghat a pretty appearance. 



At 600 feet, a curious pomaceous looking Rhamnaceous plant is 

 found. 



The most common plants are Nerioides, Andropogon albus, Bheir, 

 Chamserops, Dodonsea. 



The bed of the ghat is formed of debris from the boundary hills, 

 this bed is very thick, and the particles have the appearance of being 

 carried to their present situation by water. 



Our halting place is a confined irregular piece of ground, water 

 abundant, but no grass, except coarse Andropogon ; no fodder, except 

 Bheir and Mimosa. 



I ascended in the evening the ridge to the south, and which is 1,200 

 feet above the road, to the ruins that run along the summit. The 

 ridge, like all others in this neighbourhood, is rugged and much dis- 

 torted, the top is limestone, much varied and weathered ; then slate : 

 masses of greenstone occur towards the base. 



The vegetation is chiefly at the summit. Schsenanthus, Periploca, 

 Dodonsea, an arbuscula nova, Euonymus, Chenopodiacese. Below this, 

 (but the elevation is scarcely sufficient to form any difference,) and 

 along the water, Euonymus, Adhatoda, Buddlaea cana or Syringia, 

 Rhamnacea, Periplocea, Linaria, Labiatse, 2-3, Pistacea, Roylea, Acan- 

 thoides, Urticea ! habitu, U. penduliflorae, Vitex, Convolvulus spinosus 

 of Bolan, Sempervivum, Stapelioides used as a vegetable, and for fever 

 by Hindoos, Artemisiae, Solanum sp. 



Along water, Adiantum, Mentha, Epilobium, Verbena officinalis, 

 Solanum nigrum, Jacquinifol. pinnatif. spinosus about cultivation. 



On slaty rocks which form the bed of the ravine or ghat, Dodonsea, 

 Hyoscyamus, and Cyrthandracea are found. 



The building consists of a wall near the edge of a ridge, which 

 terminates some twenty feet from the steep precipice of 300 to 500 



