NALIGURII TO RAMGURI1. 



509 



assimilate to the Khorassan hills, no identity in vegetation exists 

 except perhaps in the Apocynum found at Attock. 



The country is cultivated with great labour, and the villages 

 though small are numerous, and present a look of plenty, like Eng- 

 lish white- washed cottages. 



There is a difference between the vegetation of the hills near the 

 plains and those in the interior. On the former there are scarcely 

 any trees, and Adhatoda occurs in greater profusion than elsewhere. 

 The Himalayan provinces here present an extreme affinity with the 

 same range to the eastward, as Bootan and Mussoorie, but the forms 

 are by no means so frequent — i. e. species are not so numerous. 

 Throughout the above twenty-eight miles the vegetation is tropical: 

 a few European forms occur as one gets into the hills, but they are 

 of no great value. The chief arboreous vegetation consists of 

 Rubiacece, Mimosese, Cassiacese (BauhiniaJ, Bignoniacese, and Myr- 

 tacese. These are much the most common between Ramgurh and 

 the ridge over Naligurh. Here also Nyctanthes is very common ; 

 Zanthoxylon also occurs here and there like an Ash. 



On the ridge above Ramgurh, Adhatoda is very common ; Caran- 

 das likewise occurs, but is not very common ; Eranthemoides is 

 rather common, but this occurs in profusion on the descent ; Cassia 

 tora, C. lanceolata, and Peristrophe occur. 



On the descent from the above ridge, Porana appears. Lemon-grass, 

 Bambusifolia, Cryptograms calamelanos, Adiantum flagelliformis. 



On the long ascent Grislea, Acacia, Bheir, Zanthoxylon, Cordia, 

 Nyctanthes, Myrtacese 1-2, Wendlandia, Bignonia, Randia, and 

 two or three other trees about houses, a species of Ficus ; Euphorbia 

 antiquorum common on the drier parts. 



On the ascent from. the torrent, the vegetation is thick. Bauhinia 

 scandens, Carandas, Butea, Erythrina, neither common, others as 

 before : Loranthus. 



At Ramgurh, Peepul, Erythrina, Rhus planted ; Euphorbia antiquo- 

 rum very common, Cassia tora, C. lanceolata, Carandas common, 

 Kalanchce integrifolia, Adhatoda not rare, scarcely a single wild tree. 



Scutellaria occurs on the descent. Rubus, Berberis, Gnaphalium. 

 On the ascent from Sursa, Geranium, Clematis, Asparagus, Tricho- 

 desma of the plains, Bombax (young), Bambusa, Hircea, Dioscorea, 

 Fragaria, Adiantum flagelliformis, Calomelanos, Saccharum, Moong, 

 Acacia, Adhatoda, Vitex, etc. as before, but trees are not common, 

 except Ficus and Bheir in profusion. 



