32 



D. S. .TOH DAX AND J. O. SNYDER. 



Verasper, Limando,, Kareius, etc.), most species of Sebastodes, numerous 

 Cottidce, Gadidœ, etc. 2. The Temperate fishes or Nippon group, 

 having their center of distribution about Yokohama, which is also a 

 meeting place for Northern and Southern forms. To this fauna belong 

 most of the characteristic species of Japan, as, Ditrema, Glaiicosgma, 

 Histiopterus, Anoplus, Girella, Emmelichtliys, although most of these 

 extend their range as far south as Nagasaki and many as far north as 

 Yeso. 3. The Semi-tropical fishes, or the Kiusiu group of species, those 

 having their center of distribution about Nagasaki or to the southward. 

 Here belong many of the more distinctly tropical forms, as Sir/anus, 

 Diastodon, Duymœria, Chcetodon, Balistes, etc. 4. The Bassalian 

 fishes, or those found in the deep sea. Not many of these are as yet 

 recorded but many of them are of peculiar interest. Here belong 

 species of Mitsuhurina, ChlamydoselacJuts, Cœlorhynchns, Lotèlla. Chi- 

 mœra, etc. 5. Fresh water fishes. The chief body of fresh water is 

 Lake Biwa in the southern part of Nippon. The river and lake fishes 

 are closely related to Chinese forms, but thus far none of them are 

 known to be specifically identical with the river fishes of China. 



The fishes of the western shores of Japan have been scarcely 

 studied at all and no one can say whether the fauna differs in any mark- 

 ed degree from that of the corresponding temperatures on the eastern 

 shore. Practically all knowledge of Japanese fishes is derived from 

 collections made in the markets of Hakodate, Tokyo, Nagasaki and the 

 villages about Lake Biwa and from the dredgings off Yokohama and 

 Enoshima. 



The first important work on the Fishes of Japan is the monumental 

 volume in the Fauna Japonica published in 1847, by Professors C. J. 

 Temminck and H. Schlegel of the University of Leyden in Holland. 

 This work is based on the large collection, supplemented with notes and 

 colored plates, made by Burger in the Bay of Nagasaki. The volume 

 contains good descriptions of species, most of them represented by large 

 colored plates. The sharks and rays of Burger's collection were earlier 



