(54 JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



ards : Annie Elizabeth, Dutch Mignonne, Schoolmaster, York- 

 shire Beauty, Nanny, and Claygate Pearmain. Golden Knob 

 also does well, and is considerably grown, and it realises a high 

 price ; but the fruit is too small to recommend. 



I must not pass the standard trees without mentioning a 

 variety that is grown more largely than any other in the northern 

 parts of Sussex and south Surrey. I allude to the Forge. The 

 tree thrives remarkably well on the clays of the district, making 

 short but sturdy and healthy growth. It crops enormously, but 

 almost invariably on alternate years only when left unpruned. 

 The fruit is then very small and almost worthless. Trees, how- 

 ever, that are pruned and well thinned crop more regularly and 

 bear larger fruit, the quality being excellent. But they must be 

 grown considerably above the usual size to be of any value for 

 market. 



Now I will give a selection of twenty-four varieties suitable 

 to grow in the pyramid or bush form between orchard standards. 

 Time will not permit me to do more than mention the names, 

 which are given in the order of their ripening : Professor, 

 Keswick Codlin, Lord Grosvenor, Golden Spire, Lady Sudeley, 

 Manks' Codlin, Ecklinville, Yorkshire Beauty, Worcester Pear- 

 main, Pott's Seedling, Stirling Castle, Frogmore Prolific, The 

 Queen, Northern Dumpling, Loddington, Lord Derby, New 

 Hawthornden, King of Pippins, Peasgood's Nonesuch, Cox's 

 Orange Pippin, Kibston Pippin (on Paradise), Lane's Prince 

 Albert, Horner's Pearmain, and Duke of Devonshire. I may 

 add that Lord Suffield is not good on heavy soils. 



From this list may be selected varieties for early, mid- season, 

 or late use. Cooking or dessert fruit according to requirements. 



Preparation of Soil for Planting. 



As my paper deals with heavy soils, I will presume that it is 

 intended to plant such land with apples. The question is asked 

 by those not much acquainted with the subject, What prepara- 

 tion is needed to plant ? 



This much depends upon the state of the ground, as to the 

 cultivation and manure it has received, the state of the drainage, 

 and the nature of the preceding crop. 



The point of the first importance is the drainage. The best 

 is undoubtedly pipes, the depth and distance apart of these being 

 regulated according to the soil. Straw or bush drains are also 

 sometimes used, and last for many years in a clay soil, but pipes 

 will be found the most economical in the end. 



As to the preceding crops, one of the best preparations for fruit 

 planting is to grow a root crop on land that has been deeply 

 cultivated and well manured. The ground is then left in a 

 mellow and friable condition, with the remains of the manure 



