moderate-sized group lived there 

 intermittently. The site was most heavily 

 occupied from 800 to 1200 by people 

 who stayed year-round as long as the 

 soil was fertile — probably five to seven 

 years. The salvage also yielded shell- 

 tempered pottery associated with 

 Algonkian-speakers and the crushed 

 quartz-tempered wares of Iroquoian- 

 speakers. The two styles were found 

 widely across the site, indicating 

 intensive trade, co-occupation or co- 

 manufacture by the same group. An 

 ossuary holding the remains of 150 

 people was unearthed. 



6. Hollowell • An Algonkian site 

 in northern Chowan County, salvaged in 

 1975 during digging at a private home. 

 The site was occupied from the middle 

 Archaic Period (4500 B.C. to 3500 

 B.C.) through every prehistoric phase 

 thereafter. Ceramics suggest it was a 

 seasonal base camp or small village in 

 the early and middle Woodland periods. 

 An ossuary south of Cannon's Ferry 

 held the bones of 40 men and women, 

 bundled into nine separate family 

 groups. 



7. Indiantown • An Algonkian 

 site in Camden County on the north side 

 of the Albemarle Sound, tested in 1983 

 and 1984. The Algonkian Weapemeoc 

 society ended its history there as the 

 Yeopim Indians between 1662 and 1750 

 after selling or being forced from their 

 western lands. The society displayed a 

 pattern of change comparable to that of 

 the Chowanokes after 1650 in response 

 to European colonial culture. The site 

 adds significant knowledge of the last 

 days of Carolina Algonkian existence. 

 Individual burials exposed by sand 

 mining are in the European pattern with 

 various artifacts. 



8. Jordan's Landing • A 

 Tuscaroran site on the north margin of 

 the Roanoke River in Bertie County, 

 excavated periodically since 1972. The 



definitive late Woodland Tuscaroran 

 community, this site was probably a 

 typical 3-acre village. Cooking hearths 

 and pits were widely distributed on the 

 western and northern sides. Clustered 

 on the southeastern side were 25 

 burials, including eight small ossuaries 

 of two to six people each. Burials 

 contained ceramics, marginella shell 

 beads and other artifacts associated 

 with status. Maize and beans were 

 reclaimed from hearths, along with 

 charred hickory nutshells, mussels and 

 remains of various mammals. 



THE SITE ADDS 

 SIGNIFICANT 

 KNOWLEDGE 

 OF THE 

 LAST DAYS 

 OF CAROLINA 

 ALGONKIAN 

 EXISTENCE. 



9. Kearney © A Greene County 

 site uncovered on a family farm in 

 1992. It was probably a Siouan site 

 with a Tuscaroran overlay. This site 

 will provide answers about if and 

 when the Tuscaroras intruded into the 

 Coastal Plain and who was there 

 before them. Researchers want to 

 know how much of the Coastal Plain 

 was claimed by Siouan groups before 

 the Tuscaroras came. The Tuscaroras 

 may have taken their territory, which 

 would explain why they were bitter 

 enemies. Five ossuaries were sal- 

 vaged, making this one of the largest 

 cemetery sites in eastern North 

 Carolina. 



10. Neoheroka Fort • A 

 Tuscaroran site near Snow Hill in 

 Greene County, excavated since 1990. 

 This was the site of the last major 

 battle in the Tuscarora War of 171 1 to 

 1713. Uncovered were a palisade wall, 

 trenches and blockhouses, personal 



belongings, structures inside the fort and 

 ample evidence of stored food. This site 

 contained artifacts from the final 

 moments of life for the Indians who 

 sought protection within the fort's walls. 

 Excavations of the living areas are 

 continuing. 



11. Permuda Island ■ An Algonk- 

 ian site in Onslow County, excavated 

 from 1984 to 1985. It was occupied 

 primarily during the middle and late 

 Woodland periods by people who relied 

 heavily on marine resources for food. 

 Shell accumulations suggest small or 

 intermittent occupations of the site, 

 although the presence of an ossuary 

 hints at some importance to the occupa- 

 tion. Evidence of houses suggests that 

 occupation on the island was intended to 

 last at least a season — probably late 

 summer through early winter. Discover- 

 ies also included shell hoes for farming 

 and conch shells for tools. 



12. Tillett • An Algonkian site in 

 Wanchese on Roanoke Island, excavated 

 in 1979. The site was probably occupied 

 from 400 onward, as the environment 

 changed to allow the population to live 

 off marine life, primarily shellfish. This 

 was most likely a seasonal settlement for 

 mainland groups. Four burials suggest 

 differential treatment of the dead in a 

 class-stratified society. 



13. Uniflite ■ An Algonkian site 

 west of Swansboro in Onslow County, 

 excavated in 1976 and 1977. Artifacts, 

 primarily shell-tempered ceramics, 

 suggest it was occupied during the late 

 Woodland Period by small bands who 

 assembled there in the late spring and 

 early summer to exploit shellfish and 

 marine foods. Excavations uncovered 

 cultural debris and house patterns — 

 among the first discovered on the North 

 Carolina coast — that suggest a cultural 

 continuity over a long span of time. 

 Ceramics at the site provided guidelines 

 for further work in the area. □ 



14 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 1992 



